Molecular Identification and Traceability of Illegal Trading in (Teleostei: Characiformes), a Threatened Brazilian Fish Species, Using DNA Barcode.

is a threatened freshwater fish species and endemic of a few coastal rivers in northeastern Brazil. Even though the Brazilian laws prohibit the fisheries of threatened species, is occasionally found in street markets, being highly appreciated by local population. In order to provide a reliable DNA barcode dataset for , we compared mitochondrial sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from fresh, frozen, and salt-preserved specimens.

Is Nematocharax (Actinopterygii, Characiformes) a monotypic fish genus?

The combination of DNA barcodes and geometric morphometrics is useful to discriminate taxonomically controversial species, providing more precise estimates of biodiversity. Therefore, our goal was to assess the genetic and morphometric diversity in Nematocharax, a controversial monotypic and sexually dimorphic genus of Neotropical fish, based on sequencing of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and morphometric analyses in seven populations of N. venustus from coastal rivers in Brazil.