Silymarin administration after cerebral ischemia improves survival of obese mice by increasing cortical BDNF and IGF1 levels.

Background: Obesity is associated with a systemic inflammatory state that contributes to neuroinflammation and increases the risk of stroke at an early age. Stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of permanent disability. This work aimed to assess whether obesity-induced neuroinflammation can be a prognostic stroke factor that can be improved with oral administration of silymarin, an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective drug.

Microglia in physiological conditions and the importance of understanding their homeostatic functions in the arcuate nucleus.

Microglia are highly dynamic cells that have been mainly studied under pathological conditions. The present review discusses the possible implication of microglia as modulators of neuronal electrical responses in physiological conditions and hypothesizes how these cells might modulate hypothalamic circuits in health and during obesity. Microglial cells studied under physiological conditions are highly diverse, depending on the developmental stage and brain region.

Changes in neuroinflammatory markers and microglial density in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the C58/J mouse model of autism.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a diverse group of neurodevelopmental conditions with complex origins. Individuals with ASD present various neurobiological abnormalities, including an altered immune response in the central nervous system and other tissues. Animal models like the C58/J inbred mouse strain are used to study biological characteristics of ASD.

Chronic consumption of a hypercaloric diet increases neuroinflammation and brain senescence, promoting cognitive decline in middle-aged female Wistar rats.

Being overweight and obesity are world health problems, with a higher prevalence in women, defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that increases the risk of chronic diseases. Excess energy leads to adipose expansion, generating hypertrophic adipocytes that produce various pro-inflammatory molecules. These molecules cause chronic low-intensity inflammation, affecting the organism's functioning and the central nervous system (CNS), inducing neuroinflammation.

Possible Implications of Obesity-Primed Microglia that Could Contribute to Stroke-Associated Damage.

Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, are essential players during physiological and pathological processes. Although they participate in synaptic pruning and maintenance of neuronal circuits, microglia are mainly studied by their activity modulating inflammatory environment and adapting their phenotype and mechanisms to insults detected in the brain parenchyma. Changes in microglial phenotypes are reflected in their morphology, membrane markers, and secreted substances, stimulating neighbor glia and leading their responses to control stimuli.

The Obese Brain: Mechanisms of Systemic and Local Inflammation, and Interventions to Reverse the Cognitive Deficit.

Overweight and obesity are now considered a worldwide pandemic and a growing public health problem with severe economic and social consequences. Adipose tissue is an organ with neuroimmune-endocrine functions, which participates in homeostasis. So, adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia induce a state of chronic inflammation that causes changes in the brain and induce neuroinflammation.

A Malva parviflora´s fraction prevents the deleterious effects resulting from neuroinflammation.

Neuroinflammation, a centralized immune response, is a physiological process by which the organism attempts to remove an injurious stimulus in the central nervous system. Nonetheless, it is known that chronic inflammatory processes play an important role in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer´s disease (AD). Based on this, new strategies to treat AD have been proposed.