Stages of sarcopenia, bone mineral density, and the prevalence of osteoporosis in older women.

Unlabelled: A better understanding of the relationship between osteoporosis and sarcopenia may help to develop effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. In the present study, the association between different stages of sarcopenia, BMD, and osteoporosis was examined. The salient findings indicate that a dose-response relationship exists between sarcopenia stages and bone-related phenotypes.

Normative Values of Knee Extensor Isokinetic Strength for Older Women and Implications for Physical Function.

Background And Purpose: Lower-limb strength is required for everyday activities and thus its evaluation has been especially emphasized in older adults. Isokinetic testing is a criterion standard method to assess muscle strength; however, lack of reference values limits its usefulness in geriatric evaluation and rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to develop reference values of knee extensor isokinetic strength for older women.

Do virtual reality games improve mobility skills and balance measurements in community-dwelling older adults? Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To summarize evidence on the effectiveness of virtual reality games and conventional therapy or no-intervention for fall prevention in the elderly.

Data Sources: An electronic data search (last searched December 2016) was performed on 10 databases (Web of Science, EMBASE, PUBMED, CINAHL, LILACS, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, Scopus, SciELO, PEDro) and retained only randomized controlled trials.

Review Method: Sample characteristics and intervention parameters were compared, focusing on clinical homogeneity of demographic characteristics, type/duration of interventions, outcomes (balance, reaction time, mobility, lower limb strength and fear of falling) and low risk of bias.

Cancer-Related Fatigue and Muscle Quality in Hodgkin's Lymphoma Survivors.

The purpose of this study was to compare fatigue, strength, body composition, muscle thickness, and muscle quality between Hodgkin's lymphoma survivors (HLS) and apparently healthy subjects matched by age, gender, and physical activity levels (CON). Twelve HLS (32.16 ± 8.

Effects of Elastic Resistance Exercise on Muscle Strength and Functional Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Elastic Resistance Exercise (ERE) has already demonstrated its effectiveness in older adults and, when combined with the resistance generated by fixed loads, in adults. This review summarizes the effectiveness of ERE performed as isolated method on muscle strength and functional performance in healthy adults.

Methods: A database search was performed (MEDLine, Cochrane Library, PEDro and Web of Knowledge) to identify controlled clinical trials in English language.

A Randomized Trial Investigating the Influence of Strength Training on Quality of Life in Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Strength training post stroke is widely acknowledged as an important part of a rehabilitation program. Muscle strength has been shown to be a significant contributor to physical disability after stroke, which in turn has an immense impact on the reintegration of patients into society, affecting their quality of life.

Objective: This was a randomized intervention trial to determine the effect of a resistance training program on the quality of life in patients with stroke.

Effects of resistance training on sarcopenic obesity index in older women: A randomized controlled trial.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of resistance training (RT) on sarcopenic obesity (SO) in older women. 243 older women underwent body composition measurement using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the SO index was calculated. This randomized controlled trial adopted from the baseline sample, 113 volunteers (67.

Body Composition is Strongly Associated With Cardiorespiratory Fitness in a Large Brazilian Military Firefighter Cohort: The Brazilian Firefighters Study.

Firefighting is associated with high-level physical demands and requires appropriate physical fitness. Considering that obesity has been correlated with decreased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and that the prevalence of obesity may also be elevated within firefighters (FF), we analyzed the association between CRF and body composition (BC) in Brazilian military FF. We assessed 4,237 male FF (18-49 years) who performed a physical fitness test that included BC and CRF.

Effects of short term elastic resistance training on muscle mass and strength in untrained older adults: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: The current recommendations on resistance training involving older adults have reported an improvement of body composition variables. Despite this, there is a lack of knowledge on how elastic resistance training (ERT) affects the muscle mass in older adults population. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a short-term ERT on muscle mass of health and untrained older adults.

Immediate changes in electroencephalography activity in individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain after cranial osteopathic manipulative treatment: study protocol of a randomized, controlled crossover trial.

Background: Osteopathic medicine is based on a diagnostic and therapeutic system to treat tissue mobility/ motility dysfunctions in general, using different approaches (depending on the target tissue) known as osteopathic manipulative treatment. Among the available techniques those ones addressed to the cranial field are the most questioned because of the lack of scientific evidence; but the compression of the 4th ventricle technique has been largely studied in clinical trials. Studies have shown that the technique may affect both central and autonomous nervous system, modulating some reflexes (Traube-Hering baro signal), and modifying brain cortex electrical activity through central sensitization in subjects with chronic low back pain.

Efficacy of musculoskeletal manual approach in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorder: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) requires a complex diagnostic and therapeutic approach, which usually involves a multidisciplinary management. Among these treatments, musculoskeletal manual techniques are used to improve health and healing.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of musculoskeletal manual approach in temporomandibular joint disorder patients.

Do 12-week yoga program influence respiratory function of elderly women?

Aging produces several respiratory limitations and reduces tolerance to physical efforts, sometimes leading to pulmonary diseases in the elderly. The literature draws attention to the possible benefits of Yoga practice among the elderly, presenting evidence for significant improvements in quality of life. It was hypothesized that yoga practice can improve respiratory function in the elderly.

Relationship between Depression and Strength Training in Survivors of the Ischemic Stroke.

The Cerebral Vascular Accident is responsible for a significant increase in the mortality rate in individuals who have suffered this condition, regardless of the level of subsequent disability. This study aimed to analyze the influence of a strength training program on indicators of depression in survivors of the ischemic stroke. The study sample included subjects from both genders who were divided into two groups: an experimental group (EG) consisting of 11 subjects aged 51.

Mechanical evaluation of elastic tubes used in physical therapy.

Purpose: To quantify the force of elastic tubes at different elongation patterns used in exercises.

Methods: A tensile test of elastic tubes which had seven levels of resistance identified by colors was performed. All samples (n = 105; 15 samples for each color) were 7 cm of length and had two interfaces for fixation.

Decreased functional capacity and muscle strength in elderly women with metabolic syndrome.

Purpose: To compare the metabolic parameters, flexibility, muscle strength, functional capacity, and lower limb muscle power of elderly women with and without the metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 28 older women divided into two groups: with the MetS (n = 14; 67.3 ± 5.

The exon 3 polymorphism of the growth hormone receptor is a severity-related factor for osteoporosis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the GHR exon 3 fl/d3 polymorphism and body composition traits in Brazilian cohorts of normal post-menarche adolescent girls and in post-menopausal women with and without osteoporosis. First, multiplex PCR and quantitative PCR (TaqMan) were used with 105 DNA samples from the general Brazilian population to validate the SNP rs6873545 as a surrogate marker for the GHR polymorphism. Subsequently, genotyping was carried out to evaluate associations for this polymorphism in 136 post-menarche adolescents and 175 post-menopausal women, who were evaluated for body composition traits such as bone mineral density and fat-free mass.

Elastic resistance training to increase muscle strength in elderly: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Analyze the efficiency of training programs with progressive elastic resistance on muscle strength in elderly 'healthy' and 'not healthy'. It was performed a systematic review in relevant databases to identify controlled clinical trials with outcomes from parameters of muscle strength. Two independent reviewers decided about the inclusion criteria, data extraction and evaluation of methodological quality of the articles.

Acute and chronic effects of resistive exercise on blood pressure in hypertensive elderly women.

The purpose of this study was to investigate postexercise hypotension (PEH) during a 4-month period of resistance training in hypertensive elderly women. Sixty-four women were divided into 2 groups: an experimental group (EG), which performed resistance training, and a control group (CG) that did not practice any exercise. The EG carried out the following steps: (a) 3 weeks of exercise adaptation and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) test (month 1); (b) resistance exercise at 60% 1RM (month 2); (c) resistance exercise at 70% 1RM (month 3); (d) resistance exercise at 80% 1RM (month 4); and (e) PEH analyses at the end of each month.

Effects of hippotherapy on mobility, strength and balance in elderly.

Objectives: To assess the chronic effects of hippotherapy on functional mobility, muscle strength and balance in elderly.

Methods: 28 volunteers, between the age of 60 and 84, were randomly recruited and divided in experimental group (EG), with 12 individuals (8 women and 4 men) and control group (CG), with 16 individuals (14 women and 2 men). The EG group participated in an 8-week hippotherapy program.

The influence of resistance exercise training on the levels of anxiety in ischemic stroke.

The aim of this pilot study was to analyze the effect of a strength training program on indicators of trait and state anxiety in patients with ischemic stroke. The subjects were divided into two groups: experimental group (EG) consisting of 11 subjects aged 51.7 ± 8.

Effects of a physical activity governmental health programme on the quality of life of elderly people.

Background: The population ageing occurring worldwide resulted in multiple researches on sedentary ageing and quality of life.

Purpose: To verify the effects of a physical activity programme on the quality of life (QOL) of elderly individuals served by a governmental health programme.

Design: Descriptive inquiry research.

[Biological fragility syndrome in the elderly: systematic review].

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and assessment strategies of Biological Fragility Syndrome in the Elderly.

Methods: For the development of this study was it was done a search in electronic databases (Medline/PubMed) and the reference lists of articles identified using the following key words/terms in English: "frailty" and `frail" in conjunction with the terms "elderly", "aging" and "prevalence". These terms/descriptors were combined using the logical operators available in search engines.

The influence of the level of physical activity and human development in the quality of life in survivors of stroke.

Background: The association between physical activity and quality of life in stroke survivors has not been analyzed within a framework related to the human development index. This study aimed to identify differences in physical activity level and in the quality of life of stroke survivors in two cities differing in economic aspects of the human development index.

Methods: Two groups of subjects who had suffered a stroke at least a year prior to testing and showed hemiplegia or hemiparesis were studied: a group from Belo Horizonte (BH) with 48 people (51.

Effects of 24 weeks of progressive resistance training on knee extensors peak torque and fat-free mass in older women.

This study examined the effects of resistance training (RT) on knee extensor peak torque (KEPT) and fat-free mass (FFM) in older women. Seventy-eight volunteers (67.1 ± 5.

Lactate threshold prediction by blood glucose and rating of perceived exertion in people with type 2 diabetes.

The validity of rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in predicting lactate threshold during an incremental test was analyzed in 15 men with type 2 diabetes (M age = 53.4 yr., SD = 12.