Evaluation of protein N-glycosylation in 2-DE: Erythropoietin as a study case.

The structure, function, and physico-chemical properties of many proteins are determined by PTM, being glycosylation the most complex. This study describes how a combination of typical proteomics methods (2-DE) combines with glycomics strategies (HPLC, MALDI-TOF-MS, exoglycosidases sequencing) to yield comprehensive data about single spot-microheterogeneity, providing meaningful information for the detection of disease markers, pharmaceutical industry, antidoping control, etc. Recombinant erythropoietin and its hyperglycosylated analogue darbepoetin-alpha were chosen as showcases because of their relevance in these fields and the analytical challenge they represent.

Role of sialic acid in bovine sperm-zona pellucida binding.

Sperm binding activity has been detected in zona pellucida (ZP) glycoproteins and it is generally accepted that this activity resides in the carbohydrate moieties. In the present study we aim to identify some of the specific carbohydrate molecules involved in the bovine sperm-ZP interaction. We performed sperm binding competition assays, in vitro fecundation (IVF) in combination with different lectins, antibodies and neuraminidase digestion, and chemical and cytochemical analysis of the bovine ZP.

Open-label, observational study of the effects of risperidone on the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and caregiver stress in the community setting.

Background: Behavioral disturbances and psychological symptoms of dementia--such as agitation, aggression, and psychosis--compromise patients' quality of life and daily functioning as well as contribute to caregiver burden and the decision to institutionalize the relative with the disease.

Objective: The goal of this study was to examine the effects of risperidone on noncognitive symptoms and caregiver burden in the community setting. The tolerability of risperidone was also assessed.

Risperidone in the treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in patients diagnosed with vascular or mixed-type dementia.

Objective Studies have found that the atypical antipsychotic drug, risperidone, reduces non-cognitive symptoms, such as aggression, agitation, and psychosis, in patients with Alzheimer's disease. This study assessed whether these effects extend to patients with vascular or mixed-type dementia. Methods In this multicentre, open-label, prospective study, 75 elderly patients with vascular or mixed-type dementia and concomitant behavioural and psychological symptoms were treated with risperidone for up to 6 months.