High copper levels induce premature senescence in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

Copper (Cu) dyshomeostasis has been linked to obesity and related morbidities and also to aging. Cu levels are higher in older or obese individuals, and adipose tissue (AT) Cu levels correlate with body mass index. Aging and obesity induce similar AT functional and structural changes, including an accumulation of senescent cells.

Infection by Moniliophthora perniciosa reprograms tomato Micro-Tom physiology, establishes a sink, and increases secondary cell wall synthesis.

Witches' broom disease of cacao is caused by the pathogenic fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa. By using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom (MT) as a model system, we investigated the physiological and metabolic consequences of M. perniciosa infection to determine whether symptoms result from sink establishment during infection.

Equipment and protocol for measurement of extracellular electrical signals, gas exchange and turgor pressure in plants.

We present a detailed protocol for measuring extracellular electrical signals in plants using the electrode insertion technique. Using this approach, it is possible to measure long-distance electrical signaling induced by several stimuli, including wounding, current application, irrigation, burning, and others. Additionally, we describe how to associate gas exchange measurements using an infra-red gas analyzer (IRGA, Model Li-6400, Li-Cor) and turgor pressure measurements using a patch clamp pressure probe (ZIM-probe, YARA ZIM-plant Technology) to measure extracellular electrical signals.