[Depression, anxiety, stress, and social support: a cross-sectional study with caregivers of visually impaired children in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Views-QoL Study].

We aimed to identify the reports of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among caregivers of children without visual impairment, with low vision, and with blindness and their relationship with the degree of social, emotional, material, and affective support. This cross-sectional and multicenter study was conducted in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2019 to 2020. A questionnaire was applied to obtain caregivers' sociodemographic and economic data.

Cost-Utility Analysis of Wide-Field Imaging as an Auxiliary Technology for Retinopathy of Prematurity Care in Brazil.

To evaluate the cost-utility of wide-field imaging (WFI) as a complementary technology for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening from the Brazilian Unified Health System's perspective. ROP is one of the leading causes of avoidable childhood blindness worldwide, especially in middle-income countries. The current ROP screening involves indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy (IBO) by ROP expert ophthalmologists.

Clinical effectiveness of non-TMS neurostimulation in depression: Clinical trials from 2010 to 2020.

Objective: Treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) have evolved, although there is still a strong unmet need for more effective and tolerable options. The present study summarizes and discusses recent evidence regarding the non-transcranial magnetic stimulation (non-TMS) neurostimulation treatment for MDD.

Methods: The authors reviewed non-TMS neurostimulation clinical trials for MDD between 2010 and 2020.

Cost-effectiveness of newer technologies for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in Brazilian people living with HIV.

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among people living with HIV (PLH). Preventive tuberculosis therapy reduces mortality in PLH, especially in those with a positive tuberculin skin test (TST). New, more specific technologies for detecting latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are now commercially available.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration versus mediastinoscopy for mediastinal staging of lung cancer: A systematic review of economic evaluation studies.

Introduction: The emergence of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) changed the approach to staging lung cancer. As a new method being incorporated, the use of EBUS may lead to a shift in clinical and costs outcomes.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to gather information to better understand the economic impact of implementing EBUS.

Urban environment and psychiatric disorders: a review of the neuroscience and biology.

Most of the world's population now lives in cities. While living in cities have both health risks and benefits, mental health has been usually considered to be negatively affected by urbanicity. While mental health disorders have complex etiology and multiple causes, it has been shown in multiple observational studies that mood and anxiety disorders are more prevalent in urban centers and incidence has been increasing.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration versus mediastinoscopy for mediastinal staging of lung cancer: A protocol for a systematic review of economic evaluation studies.

Background: Lung cancer is a major health problem, with estimates of 1.6 million tumor-related deaths annually worldwide. The emergence of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS), a minimally invasive procedure capable of providing valuable information for primary tumor diagnosis and mediastinal staging, significantly changed the approach of pulmonary cancer, becoming part of the routine mediastinal evaluation of lung cancer in developed countries.

The future of psychiatry: brain devices.

Recent advances in deep brain stimulators and brain-machine interfaces have greatly expanded the possibilities of neuroprosthetics and neuromodulation. Together with advances in neuroengineering, nanotechnology, molecular biology and material sciences, it is now possible to address fundamental questions in neuroscience in new, more powerful ways. It is now possible to apply these new technologies in ways that range from augmenting and restoring function to neuromodulation modalities that treat neuropsychiatric disorders.

Smear plus Detect-TB for a sensitive diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: a cost-effectiveness analysis in an incarcerated population.

Background: Prison conditions can favor the spread of tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to evaluate in a Brazilian prison: the performance and accuracy of smear, culture and Detect-TB; performance of smear plus culture and smear plus Detect-TB, according to different TB prevalence rates; and the cost-effectiveness of these procedures for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis.

Methods: This paper describes a cost-effectiveness study.

Cost-effectiveness of Quantiferon®-TB Gold-in-Tube versus tuberculin skin testing for contact screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in Brazil.

Background: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a reservoir for new TB cases. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) reduces the risk of active TB by as much as 90%, but LTBI screening has limitations. Unlike tuberculin skin testing (TST), interferon-gamma release assays are not affected by BCG vaccination, and have been reported to be cost-effective in low-burden countries.

Factors associated with delayed diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Objective: To estimate the total time elapsed between symptom onset and diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (patient delay plus health care system delay), analyzing the factors associated with delayed diagnosis in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey involving 218 pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated for two months at 20 health care clinics and 3 hospitals in eight cities within the state of Rio de Janeiro. We collected socioeconomic and demographic data, as well as data regarding the health care system and the medical history of the patients.