Smoking Intensity Increases Diaphragm Muscle Injury: A Clinicopathologic Study.

Background: Studying the effects of smoking intensity is important to evaluate the risk of tobacco use on a range of illnesses, such as as sarcopenia among the elderly. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effects of pack-years of cigarette smoking on the diaphragm muscle (DIAm) histopathology of postmortem samples.

Methods: Subjects were divided into three groups: never-smoker ( = 46); less than 30 pack-years of smoking ( = 12); and more than 30 pack-years of smoking ( = 30).

Role of Nutritional Supplements on Gut-Muscle Axis Across Age: a Mini-Review.

Sarcopenia is a progressive skeletal muscle disorder associated with aging, resulting in loss of muscle mass and function. It has been linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hormonal changes (i.e.

Effects of resistance training on kidney morphology of aged ovariectomized rats.

With the advancing age, there is an increase of the incidence of chronic renal diseases. However, it is suggested that exercise, as resistance training, is a key factor in positively modulate the kidney structure and function. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effects of estrogen deprivation and a moderate resistance protocol on the right kidney structure of rats.

Effects of moderate aerobic exercise on thoracic aortic remodeling of female LDL-receptor knockout ovariectomized mice.

Menopause is a major factor involved in dyslipidemia increasing the risk of atherosclerosis which may be reversed by a routine of aerobic physical activity. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effects of aerobic training on the thoracic aorta of female LDL-receptor knockout mice submitted to estrogen deprivation. Fifteen genetically modified female mice, knockout for the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-Knockout group) were used as experimental groups and fifteen wild female mice (C57BL/6 J) were used as control groups.

Remodeling of the soleus muscle of ovariectomized old female rats submitted to resistance training and different diet intake.

Sarcopenia is a common condition that is associated mainly with hormonal factors, nutritional status, physical activity, leading to a lower quality of life. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of diets with vegetable or animal proteins (AP) associated with resistance training on the structure of the soleus muscle in aged Wistar rats. The histochemical technique was used for the typing of muscle fibers, the cross-sectional area of myocytes, and volume densities of myocytes and interstitium.

Evaluation of the Diaphragm Muscle Remodeling, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Vascularization in Smokers: An Autopsy Study.

Background/aims: Cigarette smoking is a key factor in systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, and it has also been associated with the loss of muscle strength and an elevated risk of pulmonary diseases. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effects of cigarette smoking on the diaphragm muscle structure of postmortem samples.

Methods: Immunohistochemical techniques were used for muscle remodeling (metalloproteinases 2 and 9), inflammation (cyclooxygenase-2), oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine), and vascularization (vascular endothelial growth factor).

Ultrastructural effects of diabetes in the right atrium cardiomyocytes of elderly Wistar rats.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of diabetes on quantitative parameters of right atrial cardiomyocytes of elderly rats. Wistar rats (14 months of age) were divided into two groups: streptozotocin-diabetic rats (DG) and control rats (CG). The groups were sacrificed at 16 months.

Diaphragm muscle structure in the elderly: Findings from an autopsy study.

Sarcopenia is characterized as aging-related weakness and atrophy, which decreases the diaphragm force generating capacity leading to a decrease of expulsive non-ventilatory motor behaviors, which are critical for airway clearance. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the histopathology of the diaphragm in postmortem samples. Thirty individuals were included.

Cigarette Smoking Impairs the Diaphragm Muscle Structure of Patients without Respiratory Pathologies: An Autopsy Study.

Background/aims: Smoking is a major risk factor for several cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, and it has also been associated with the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength leading to sarcopenia. The aim of this is study is to analyze the effects of cigarette smoking on the diaphragm muscle histopathology of postmortem samples from patients without respiratory diseases.

Methods: Diaphragm samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological analysis.

Total training load may explain similar strength gains and muscle hypertrophy seen in aged rats submitted to resistance training and anabolic steroids.

This study aimed to quantify training parameters and analyze the morphological response of aged muscles submitted to resistance training and anabolic steroids. Aged Wistar rats were divided into groups: C - initial control; CF - final control; CAS - control with anabolic steroid, RT - resistance training, and RTA - resistance training with anabolic steroid. Maximum carried load, absolute and relative loads increased significantly in RT and RTA.

Effects of Strength Training and Anabolic Steroid in the Peripheral Nerve and Skeletal Muscle Morphology of Aged Rats.

Thirty male 20-month-old rats were divided into groups: IC-initial control ( = 6), FC-final control ( = 6), AC-anabolic hormone control ( = 6), ST-strength trained ( = 6) and STA-strength trained with anabolic hormone ( = 6). All groups were submitted to adaptation, familiarization and maximum load carrying test (MLCT). Strength training (6-8×/session with loads of 50%-100% MLCT, 3×/week and pause of 120 s) was performed in ladder climbing (LC) for 15 weeks.

Effects of resistance training on liver structure and function of aged rats.

Unlabelled: The aging process may cause negative physiological changes. However, exercises as resistance training (RT) have been considered an important intervention to attenuate these changes. Additionally, liver plays an important role in blood glucose homeostasis in exercise.

Effects of testosterone administration on liver structure and function in aging rats.

Unlabelled: Aging males have a decrease in testosterone levels, by which the testosterone treatment may influence in a negatively fashion the liver.

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the effects of aging with or without testosterone administration on the liver components of animals.

Methods: Wistar rats were divided into three groups: 20 months' group (G20), 24 months' group (G24), group treated with testosterone for 16 weeks (GT).