Effectiveness of the SYNCHRONIZE + Brief Intervention in Improving Mediterranean Diet Adherence, Nutritional Quality and Intake Pattern in Persons with Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Background: Multidisciplinary lifestyle interventions are being researched to treat fibromyalgia. However, the impact of nutrition as a key treatment component is little studied. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the SYNCHRONIZE + lifestyle multidisciplinary intervention in improving adherence to the Mediterranean diet, nutrition quality and dietary intake pattern in persons with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome.

Effectiveness of Culinary Nutrition Workshops on the Mood and Nutritional Interest of Inpatients With Mental Disorder.

Background Promoting healthy eating habits through nutrition education programs is crucial to improving the overall health of people with mental disorders. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of culinary nutrition workshops on the mood and nutritional interest of hospitalized adults with mental disorders (MD) from the acute psychiatric unit of two general hospitals in Catalonia, Spain. Methods A pilot randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted with MD inpatient.

Selective striatal fast-spiking interneuron inhibition induces cortical seizure.

Whether striatal fast-spiking interneurons are involved in cortical synchronization remains elusive. We performed acute microinjections of a selective FSI-AMPA receptor antagonist into the sensorimotor striatum of non-human primates to verify whether selective FSI inhibition within the sensorimotor striatum could potentially modify cortical excitability, thereby triggering focal seizures. Experiments were performed on three fascicularis monkeys.

Competition, Conflict and Change of Mind: A Role of GABAergic Inhibition in the Primary Motor Cortex.

Deciding between different voluntary movements implies a continuous control of the competition between potential actions. Many theories postulate a leading role of prefrontal cortices in this executive function, but strong evidence exists that a motor region like the primary motor cortex (M1) is also involved, possibly inhibitory mechanisms. This was already shown during the pre-movement decision period, but not after movement onset.

Basal ganglia: From the bench to the bed.

The basal ganglia (BG) encompass a set of archaic structures of the vertebrate brain that have evolved relatively little during the phylogenetic process. From an anatomic point of view, they are widely distributed throughout brain from the telencephalon to the mesencephalon. The fact that they have been preserved through evolution suggests that they may play a critical role in behavioral monitoring.

Bypassing use-dependent plasticity in the primary motor cortex to preserve adaptive behavior.

Behavioral adaptation, a central feature of voluntary movement, is known to rely on top-down cognitive control. For example, the conflict-adaptation effect on tasks such as the Stroop task leads to better performance (e.g.

High and Low Haemoglobin Levels in Early Pregnancy Are Associated to a Higher Risk of Miscarriage: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

To evaluate whether women with anaemia or high haemoglobin (Hb) in early pregnancy would be at higher risk of miscarriage, this population-based cohort study involved 9453 women whose pregnancies were monitored at primary care centres between 2007 and 2012. The computerised clinical histories were used to collect: Hb measurements (up to 14 weeks of gestation), miscarriage before or by 24 weeks of gestation, and other maternal characteristics. The relation between anaemia (Hb < 110 g/L), normal Hb (110-140 g/L, reference), and high Hb concentrations (≥140 g/L) with miscarriage were expressed as adjusted OR with 95%CI.

Striatal and cerebellar vesicular acetylcholine transporter expression is disrupted in human DYT1 dystonia.

Early-onset torsion dystonia (TOR1A/DYT1) is a devastating hereditary motor disorder whose pathophysiology remains unclear. Studies in transgenic mice suggested abnormal cholinergic transmission in the putamen, but this has not yet been demonstrated in humans. The role of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of the disease has also been highlighted but the involvement of the intrinsic cerebellar cholinergic system is unknown.

Acute Striato-Cortical Synchronization Induces Focal Motor Seizures in Primates.

Objective: Whether the basal ganglia are involved in the cortical synchronization during focal seizures is still an open question. In the present study, we proposed to synchronize cortico-striatal activities acutely inducing striatal disinhibition, performing GABA-antagonist injections within the putamen in primates.

Method: Experiments were performed on three fascicularis monkeys.

In vivo validation of a new portable stimulator for chronic deep brain stimulation in freely moving rats.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is considered as a gold standard therapy for the alleviation of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). This success paved the way to its application for other neurological and psychiatric disorders. In this context, we aimed to develop a rodent-specific stimulator with characteristics similar to those used in patients.

Does the fortified milk with high iron dose improve the neurodevelopment of healthy infants? Randomized controlled trial.

Background: Since iron plays an important role in several physiological processes, its deficiency but also overload may harm the development of children. The aim was to assess the effect of iron-fortified milk on the iron biochemical status and the neurodevelopment of children at 12 months of age.

Methods: Randomized controlled trial conducted in 133 Spanish children, allocated in two groups to receive formula milk fortified with 1.

Dystonia and dopamine: From phenomenology to pathophysiology.

A line of evidence suggests that the pathophysiology of dystonia involves the striatum, whose activity is modulated among other neurotransmitters, by the dopaminergic system. However, the link between dystonia and dopamine appears complex and remains unclear. Here, we propose a physiological approach to investigate the clinical and experimental data supporting a role of the dopaminergic system in the pathophysiology of dystonic syndromes.

[Consumption of free sugars and excess weight in infants. A longitudinal study].

Introduction: The consumption of free sugars has been related to excess weight, with the WHO recommending an intake of <10% of total energy. The aim of this study is to assess the association between the consumption of free sugars at 12 months and the risk of excess weight at 30 months in healthy children.

Material And Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted on 81 children followed-up from birth to 30 months.

Prevalence of anaemia, risk of haemoconcentration and risk factors during the three trimesters of pregnancy.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of anaemia and the risk of haemoconcentration and its risk factors during all 3 trimesters of pregnancy in women in a Mediterranean area in the south of Europe.

Material And Methods: Longitudinal study of 11,259 women whose pregnancies were monitored at primary care centres between 2007 and 2012. The computerised clinical histories of all the pregnancies were used to collect haemoglobin (Hb) data for each trimester.

Haemoconcentration risk at the end of pregnancy: effects on neonatal behaviour.

Objective: To determine the associations between haemoconcentration at the end of pregnancy (third trimester and delivery) and neonatal behaviour in healthy pregnant women supplemented with moderate doses of Fe.

Design: A prospective longitudinal study in which obstetric and clinical history, maternal toxic habits, maternal anxiety and Hb levels were recorded at the third trimester and delivery. Neonatal behaviour was assessed at 48-72 h of age using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale.

Elevated iron status and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was to assess the relationship between elevated iron status, measured as hemoglobin and ferritin levels, and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The present study was recorded in PROSPERO (2013:CRD42013005717). The selected studies were identified through a systematic review of scientific literature published in The Cochrane Library and PubMed/MEDLINE databases from their inception until March 10, 2016, in addition to citation tracking and hand-searches.

A study of periodontal disease awareness amongst third-year nursing students.

Unlabelled: Nurses make up a large portion of health care professionals, are part of the first line of health care and in a position to provide health education, advice and referrals for patients at high risk of experiencing systemic diseases such as cancers and life-threatening illnesses that are often firstly evident in the mouth.

Objectives: To assess final-year nursing students about their awareness of periodontal disease and its impact on general health; and to ascertain their knowledge about the periodontal links to systemic disease as well as their perceived knowledge and abilities to provide informed advice and referrals to at-risk patients.

Hypothesis: Third-year nursing students are limited in their awareness and knowledge of periodontal disease.

Biases and adjustments in nutritional assessments from dietary questionnaires.

In nutritional epidemiology, it is essential to use Food Consumption Assessment Methods that have been validated and accepted by the international community for estimating food consumption of individuals and populations. This assessment must be made with the highest quality possible so as to avoid, as far as possible, sources of error and confusion in the processes. The qualities that are required in a measurement method are validity and accuracy; validity being the main factor.

Adapting iron dose supplementation in pregnancy for greater effectiveness on mother and child health: protocol of the ECLIPSES randomized clinical trial.

Background: Currently, there is no consensus regarding iron supplementation dose that is most beneficial for maternal and offspring health during gestation. Recommended iron supplementation dose does not preempt anemia in around 20% of the pregnancies, nor the risk of hemoconcentration in 15%. This deficit, or excess, of iron prejudices the mother-child wellbeing.

[Effects of tobacco habit, second-hand smoking and smoking cessation during pregnancy on newborn's health].

Background And Objective: Tobacco during pregnancy affects the health of the newborn. The aim was to assess the effect of maternal exposure to active and passive tobacco and of smoking cessation on the risk of preterm deliveries and birth weight, taking into account other risk factors.

Patients And Method: Longitudinal study conducted in 282 healthy pregnant women.

Diet, iron biomarkers and oxidative stress in a representative sample of Mediterranean population.

Background: The consumption pattern characterized by high consumption of vegetables, fruit, fish, olive oil and red wine has been associated with improvements in the total antioxidant capacity of individuals and reduced incidence of diseases related to oxidation. Also, high body iron levels may contribute to increase the oxidative stress by the generation of reactive oxygen species. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between antioxidant and pro-oxidant factors obtained from the diet and iron biomarkers on lipoprotein oxidation and total antioxidant capacity in a representative sample of the Mediterranean population.

Prevalence of iron deficiency states and risk of haemoconcentration during pregnancy according to initial iron stores and iron supplementation.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of iron depletion (ID), iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) and risk of haemoconcentration during pregnancy and at delivery and to assess the influence of initial Fe stores and Fe supplementation on that prevalence.

Design: Longitudinal study.

Setting: Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus (Catalonia, Spain).