Automated White Matter Fiber Tract Segmentation for the Brainstem.

This study aimed to develop an automatic segmentation method for brainstem fiber bundles. We utilized the brainstem as a seed region for probabilistic tractography based on multishell, multitissue constrained spherical deconvolution in 40 subjects from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). All tractography data were registered into a common space to construct a brainstem fiber cluster atlas.

Effects of High Altitude and Diet on Gastric Disease Severity in Helicobacter pylori Infection in Peru.

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that infects approximately half of the world's population, being more prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. H. pylori can cause gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric cancer, which is among the five most frequent cancers worldwide.

Estimating the savings of a national project to prevent healthcare-associated infections in intensive care units.

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have a significant impact on patients' morbidity and mortality, and have a detrimental financial impact on the healthcare system. Various strategies exist to prevent HAIs, but economic evaluations are needed to determine which are most appropriate.

Aim: To present the financial impact of a nationwide project on HAI prevention in intensive care units (ICUs) using a quality improvement (QI) approach.

Biomarkers activity in Oreochromis niloticus under sub-chronic exposure to a UV filters ternary mixture.

The behavior of organic UV filters in aquatic ecosystems and living organisms raises concern. For the first time, biochemical biomarkers were evaluated in the liver and brain of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus exposed to 0.001 and 0.

A National Implementation Project to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections in Intensive Care Units: A Collaborative Initiative Using the Breakthrough Series Model.

Background: Although there are simple and low-cost measures to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), they remain a major public health problem. Quality issues and a lack of knowledge about HAI control among healthcare professionals may contribute to this scenario. In this study, our aim is to present the implementation of a project to prevent HAIs in intensive care units (ICUs) using the quality improvement (QI) collaborative model Breakthrough Series (BTS).

Comparative Anatomic Study Between Intradural Suboccipital Retrosigmoid and Extradural Transzygomatic Middle Fossa Approaches to Expose the Trigeminal Nerve.

Background: Meckel cave tumors are relatively rare, especially trigeminal nerve (TN) schwannomas. These tumors frequently project through the trigeminal pore, occupying the middle and posterior fossae. The most used routes to this region are the suboccipital retrosigmoid intradural approach (SORSA) and the transzygomatic middle fossa approach (TZMFA).

Anatomic evaluation of the posterior temporal approach via the Heschl's gyrus to the thalamus, internal capsule, and atrium.

Objective: Posterior temporal craniotomy allows for the exposure of the superior surface of the planum temporale. Heschl's gyrus is the most prominent structure of the planum temporale and can be an anatomical landmark to approach deep brain structures such as the internal capsule, lateral thalamus, and ventricular atrium.

Methods: Ten human cadavers' heads underwent a posterior bilateral temporal craniotomy and the microsurgical dissection of Heschl's gyrus was performed and variables were measured with a neuronavigation system and statistically analyzed.

Stroke Due to Orthognathic Surgery: Case Report of a Rare Complication.

Le Fort I osteotomy is a frequent surgical procedure used in orthognathic surgeries to treat severe malocclusions and is associated with relatively rare surgical complications. Here, the authors report a case of thrombotic ischemic stroke as a result of this procedure, a complication still not described in the literature. A 19-year-old man with class II malocclusion and retrognathia underwent orthognathic surgery for aesthetic purposes.

Microsurgical approaches to the pulvinar: A comparative analysis.

Objective: To compare the area of exposure to the cisternal thalamus associated with four surgical techniques: supracerebellar-infratentorial (SCIT), occipital interhemispheric (OI), transchoroidal (TC) and subtemporal before and after parahippocampal resection (ST and STh, respectively).

Methods: All approaches were performed on both sides of three heads. Qualitative anatomical analyses were performed to understand anatomical limits, advantages, and flaws of each technique.

Tractography of the ansa lenticularis in the human brain.

The aim of this study was to make a thorough investigation of the trajectory of the ansa lenticularis (AL) and its subcomponents using high-resolution fiber-tracking tractography. The subcomponents of the AL were reconstructed from one region of interest (ROI) in the area of the globus pallidus combined with another ROI in the red nucleus, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, or thalamus. This fiber-tracking protocol was tested in an HCP-1065 template, 35 healthy subjects from Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), and 20 healthy subjects from the human connectome project (HCP) using generalized q-sampling imaging (GQI)-based tractography.

Composition and organization of the sagittal stratum in the human brain: a fiber dissection study.

Objective: The sagittal stratum is divided into two layers. In classic descriptions, the stratum sagittale internum corresponds to optic radiations (RADs), whereas the stratum sagittale externum corresponds to fibers of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Although advanced for the time it was proposed, this schematic organization seems simplistic considering the recent progress on the understanding of cerebral connectivity and needs to be updated.

The ansa peduncularis in the human brain: A tractography and fiber dissection study.

Introduction: The ansa peduncularis is a composite of white matter fiber bundles closely packed together that sweeps around the cerebral peduncle. The exact components of the ansa peduncularis and their anatomical trajectories are still not established firmly in the literature.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the topographical anatomy of the ansa peduncularis and its subcomponents using the fiber dissection and tractography techniques.

Medial-tonsillar telovelar approach for resection of a superior medullary velum cerebral cavernous malformation: anatomical and tractography study of the surgical approach and functional implications.

Background: Superior medullary velum cerebral cavernous malformations pose a challenge in terms of appropriate microsurgical approach. Safe access to this deep location as well as preservation of surrounding anatomical structures, in particular the superior cerebellar peduncle just lateral to the superior medullary velum and the dentate nuclei, is paramount to achieve a good functional outcome.

Methods: Cadaveric dissections provide useful knowledge of the normal anatomy while tractography allows a better understanding of the individual anatomy in the presence of a lesion.

The Caudate Nucleus: Its Connections, Surgical Implications, and Related Complications.

Background: The caudate nucleus is a C-shaped structure that is located in the center of the brain and is divided into 3 parts: the head, body, and tail.

Methods: We detail the anatomic connections, relationships with other basal ganglia structures, and clinical implications of injury to the caudate nucleus.

Results: Anatomically, the most inferior transcapsular gray matter is the lentiform peduncle, which is the connection between the lentiform nucleus and caudate nucleus as well as the amygdala.

Grade II Sylvian fissure meningiomas without dural attachment: case report and review of the literature.

Sylvian fissure meningiomas (SFMs) represent a rare subgroup of nondural-based tumors arising from the meningothelial cells within the arachnoid of the Sylvian fissure. SFMs are more frequent in young males, usually manifest with seizures and display the same radiological features of meningiomas in other locations. Although the absence of dural attachment makes these tumors suitable for a complete resection, their anatomical relationships with the middle cerebral artery branches have impaired its achievement in half of them.

Nurse liaison: a strategy for counter-referral.

Objective: to identify the profile of the counter-referred patients by the "nurse liaison" and to describe the experience of the professionals who participated in the project.

Method: intervention research, with twelve nursing nurses from a hospital and an Emergency Care Unit, and 26 nurses from Primary Health Care. Data were obtained through questionnaires and counter-referral forms.