[Apoptosis and necrosis of lymphocytes induced by UV-radiation in the presence of autological plasma].

The influence of UV-light (240-390 nm) in doses 151-3020 J/m2 on the nature of the death of lymphocytes cells of donor's blood (using markers of apoptotic and necrotic death of cells) and on the level of expression of the marker of apoptotic pre-preparation--CD95-receptor has been investigated. We have shown that UV-radiation increases expression of CD95-receptors which is caused mainly by de novo synthesis of the receptors. It has been revealed that during daily incubation of photo-modified lymphocytes (151 and 755 J/m2) without autological blood cell death occurs by receptor-involved apoptosis.

[The role of cytokine gene polymorphisms in the development of hypertrophy of the tonsils of the lymphoid pharyngeal ring and atopic march in the children].

Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1b), its endogenous receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra), and interleukin IL-4 have been shown to play a role in immunopathological processes, such as the development of hypertrophy of the tonsils of the lymphoid pharyngeal ring and atopic march. However, the influence of Il-1 and IL-4 gene polymorphisms as etiological factors of this pathology remains obscure. The objective of the present work was to study characteristics of gene polymorphisms of proinflammatory and proallergic cytokines depending on the degree of hypertrophy of the tonsils of the lymphoid pharyngeal ring (LPR) and atopic march to selected species of the opportunistic pathogenic biota.

[Mucolytic therapy of sinusitis].

The authors overview the articles concerning the treatment of sinusitis with the use of mucolytic preparations published in the Russian-speaking and foreign literature during the period from 1987 to 2013. Special attention is given to GeloMyrtol and GeloMyrtol forte therapy. The analysis of the papers of interest has demonstrated that the herbal medicinal products based on standardized myrtol have a number of advantages over other preparations of the same type.

[Influence of UV-light on the profile of receptors of lymphocytes of donated blood].

The influence of UV-light (240-390 nm) at the dozes of 151 and 755 J/m2 on the maintenance of membrane markers of lymphocytes: CD3, CD19, CD4, CD8, CD25, CD95 using the method of flow cytometry was investigated. It was demonstrated that UV-irradiation of lymphocytes induced the decrease in the number of CD3, CD4 and CD19 markers together with a simultaneous increase of the amount of CD8, CD25 receptors during the daily incubation of cells in a nutrient medium without plasma. When autologous plasma is used during incubation of both native and UV-irradiated lymphocytes, the percentage of cells with the specified markers is not different from the corresponding values in the cells immediately after their purification.

[Effects of low intensity laser (632.8 nm) and ultraviolet radiation on spectral properties and functional activity of human ceruloplasmin].

Photoinduced changes of human ceruloplasmin (hCp) under laser and ultraviolet (UV) radiation have been studied. A complex character of hCp spectral modifications points to a different degree of the protein molecule folding. After the influence of UV radiation (240-390 nm) in a dose range 906-4530 J/m2 the decrease of oxidase hCp activity was registered.

[Effect of recombinant interleukin-1 beta on microbial flora of the middle ear in patients with chronic purulent otitis media].

Betaleukin was given to 60 patients with various forms of otitis media purulenta chronica (OMPC). Symptoms of the purulent exacerbation were relieved in 43.3% of the patients, the clinical course improved in 18.

[An assessment of the immune status of the mucosal membranes in chronic rhinosinusitis].

The authors studied immune status of upper respiratory tracts mucosa in patients with different forms of chronic rhinosinusitis (purulent, polypous, vasomotor) in comparison to control subjects. An original complex of laboratory diagnostic techniques is proposed which can assess functional condition of the defense barriers of the upper respiratory tract mucosa in chronic inflammation, estimate impairment of specific and nonspecific resistance. This facilitates choice of optimal scheme of pathogenetic therapy of chronic inflammation in the upper respiratory tracts.

[Dirithromycin, a new antibiotic in the treatment of pharyngeal inflammation].

The trial of a new antibiotic dirithromycin against acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis for safety and efficacy included 28 patients with acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis. Microbiological, biochemical, clinical and laboratory tests were conducted throughout the treatment and 2-3 weeks after the end of dirithromycin administration. The results support dirithromycin clinical potential in acute, chronic pharyngeal inflammation due to its high selective activity in relation to beta-hemolytic streptococcus A and the absence of side effects.

[The activity of natural killers and K cells and their interferon sensitivity in subjects inoculated against diphtheria and meningococcal infection].

The work deals with the time course of changes in the activity of natural killers, K-cells, their sensitivity to interferon, which reflects, in our opinion, the reserve possibilities of this killer system simultaneously with the development of the specific sensitization of lymphocytes. Significant changes in the cytotoxicity of natural killers, K-cells, have been detected in persons immunized against meningococcal infection, especially in those immunized with meningococcal vaccine introduced in combination with diphtheria toxoid. In this latter group of volunteers even more pronounced sensitization of peripheral blood lymphocytes has been observed than in persons immunized with monopreparations.

[The activity of NK and K cells in people vaccinated and revaccinated against plague].

Changes in the activity of NK and K cells in persons immunized against plague have been studied. A decrease in the activity of natural killer cells has been shown to occur. Booster immunization leads to a greater increase in the specific sensitization of lymphocytes, as well as in the antibody level.

[The clinico-anatomical basis for sectioning the vidian nerve].

Regional anatomic study of the pterygopalatine fossa on 101 cadavers, 86 angiographies, 114 x-ray tomography pictures provided evidence in support of the advantages of the Nomure transantral subperiosteal approach to the vidian nerve. To prevent postoperative complications, the nerve destruction was carried out by laser. The power and exposure were tested on 15 white rats.

[Variation pulsometry during surgery of Vidian nerve].

This paper describes a method for assessing the efficacy of Wilde's incision based on mathematical analysis of cardiac rhythms. In patients with chronic polypous rhinosinusitis, the parasympathetic nervous system tonicity is found to be predominant. After Wilde's incision through a transmaxillary subperiosteal approach cardiac rhythms change, suggesting the predominance of sympathetic innervation.

[Comparative characteristics of rhino- and laryngo-bronchial reflexes in patients with bronchial asthma].

Modern methods of evaluating the status of upper airways (total body plethysmography, acetylcholine and cold tests) were applied to give a comparative characterization of rhino- and laryngo-bronchial++ reflexes. Altogether 157 patients were examined: 20 patients with polypous rhinosinusitis, 15 with laryngeal stenosis, 35 with nascent asthma, and 87 with bronchial asthma. The findings helped to isolate, among the patients with upper airways pathologies, a risk group susceptible to bronchial asthma.

[Tomography of the pterygoid canals].

This paper presents an X-ray scheme for calculating the depth of pterygoid canals required for accurate tomography. The scheme includes three lines: line A corresponds to the physiological horizontal line, line B is drawn, normally to line A through the tip of the nose, and line C is the perpendicular from line B to the upper third of the posterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa. The length of line B plus 1 cm (thickness of external nose soft tissues) is the value to be determined.

[X-ray study of the canal of the vidian nerve].

Examination of macerated skulls has shown that optimal tomographic images of the Vidian nerve are obtained when the physiological horizontal plane is normal to the table plane and the X-ray beam is as narrow as possible. The section depth varies from 6.0 to 6.