Physical activity and mental health: a systematic review and best-evidence synthesis of mediation and moderation studies.

Background: While evidence consistently demonstrates that physical activity is beneficial to mental health, it remains relatively unknown how physical activity benefits mental health, and which factors influence the effect of physical activity on mental health. This understanding could vastly increase our capacity to design, recommend, and prescribe physical activity in more optimal ways. The purpose of this study was to systematically review and synthesise evidence of all mediators and moderators of the relationship between physical activity and mental health.

Ultrasonic Levitation for Airway Humidification.

This study employs the transmitter part of an ultrasonic proximity sensor to generate a powerful ultrasonic field for medical humidification. This field is created using an arrangement of small ultrasonic transmitter transducers configured in an acoustic levitator-style setup. As droplets pass through this ultrasonic field, they undergo disintegration, leading to an accelerated evaporation process.

The burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to high dietary sodium intake in Australia between 1990 and 2019.

Background: Diets high in sodium are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We aimed to quantify the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) attributable to high dietary sodium consumption in the Australian population.

Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019, we estimated the age-standardised rates (per 100 000 population) and the total numbers of years lived with a disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and deaths for CVD attributable to high sodium (≥1000 mg/day) consumption in the Australian population, by sex and age groups (≥25 years) between 1990 and 2019.

The burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to dietary risk factors in Australia between 1990 and 2019.

Unhealthy diet is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, there are no studies reporting the impact and trends of dietary risk factors on CVD in Australia. This study aimed to determine the burden of CVDs attributable to dietary risk factors in Australia between 1990 and 2019.

Emerging burdens of adolescent psychosocial health problems: a population-based study of 202 040 adolescents from 68 countries.

Background: Psychosocial health problems are major public health burdens for adolescents. Identifying risk factors is essential to containing negative health implications.

Aims: This study aimed to estimate the burden of psychosocial health problems among adolescents, and identify potential risk and protective factors.

Burden of Hypertensive Heart Disease and High Systolic Blood Pressure in Australia from 1990 to 2019: Results From the Global Burden of Diseases Study.

Background: There is a dearth of comprehensive studies examining the burden and trends of hypertensive heart disease (HHD) and high systolic blood pressure (SBP) among the Australian population. We aimed to explore the burden of HHD and high SBP, and how they changed over time from 1990 to 2019 in Australia.

Methods: We analysed data from the Global Burden of Disease study in Australia.

Rapid Design of an ICU Ventilator: An Approach Based on Smart Switching of Compressed Air-Oxygen.

Breathing support is provided by regulating volume or pressure of lungs using ventilators. Due to COVID-19 pandemic, there was a sudden shortage of resuscitating devices such as ventilators. Additionally, ventilators being one of the primary critical care devices are also very costly.

Synthesis of New Derivatives of Benzylidinemalononitrile and Ethyl 2-Cyano-3-phenylacrylate: In Silico Anticancer Evaluation.

In this study, microwave-assisted Knoevenagel condensation was used to produce two novel series of derivatives (-) from benzylidenemalononitrile and ethyl 2-cyano-3-phenylacrylate. The synthesized compounds were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and H NMR spectroscopies. The pharmacodynamics, toxicity profiles, and biological activities of the compounds were evaluated through an study using prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) studies.

The burden of type 2 diabetes in Australia during the period 1990-2019: Findings from the global burden of disease study.

Aims: To describe morbidity and mortality trends of type 2 diabetes in Australia, from 1990 to 2019, compared with similar sociodemographic index (SDI) countries.

Methods: Australia-specific Global Burden of Diseases data were used to estimate age-standardised, age-specific, and sex-specific rates for prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and deaths due to type 2 diabetes between 1990 and 2019. Australian data were compared with 14 similar SDI countries.

The process of stigma experience in the families of people living with bipolar disorder: a grounded theory study.

Background: One of the most challenging issues faced by families of people living with bipolar disorder is stigma. This study was conducted to explain the process of stigma experience in the families of people living with bipolar disorder using the grounded theory method.

Methods: Data for this study were collected through semi-structured interviews with participants in Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran, Iran, via purposive sampling and field notetaking.

The prevalence of chronic diseases in international immigrants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: The purpose of this study is systematically to review and synthesise available prevalence data of major chronic diseases in international immigrants.

Methods: Four electronic databases were searched to retrieve peer-reviewed original articles published in English between January 2000 and December 2020. Cross-sectional, cohort, or longitudinal studies that reported the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, any type of cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and type 2 diabetes among immigrant adults were included.

Healthcare providers' perspectives on using smart home systems to improve self-management and care in people with heart failure: A qualitative study.

Background: Smart home systems can potentially improve heart failure (HF) self-management and care. However, evidence is lacking on clinicians' expectations and opinions about these systems. This study aimed to investigate key healthcare providers' perspectives on using smart home systems for self-management and care in people with HF.

Consensus on Recommended Functions of a Smart Home System to Improve Self-Management Behaviors in People With Heart Failure: A Modified Delphi Approach.

Background: Smart home systems could enhance clinical and self-management of chronic heart failure by supporting health monitoring and remote support, but evidence to guide the design of smart home system functionalities is lacking.

Objective: To identify consensus-based recommendations for functions of a smart home system that could augment clinical and self-management for people living with chronic heart failure in the community.

Methods: Healthcare professionals caring for people living with chronic heart failure participated in a two-round modified Delphi survey and a consensus workshop.

Factors associated with changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviour during one year among university-based young adults.

The purpose of this study was to identify correlates of changes in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) among university-based young adults in Bangladesh. Data were from a 1-year prospective study with 2 assessment points (baseline  ​= ​573, 20.7 ​± ​1.

Lifestyle behaviours of immigrant and Australian children: Evidence from a nationally representative sample.

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), sleep, and fruit and vegetable intake of children with low-and-middle-income countries (LMIC) parents, high-income countries (HIC), and Australian children, and whether these behaviours are associated with their immigrant status. Data for this study were from wave 7 of the Birth cohort (B cohort) of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to examine associations between health behaviours and immigrant status.

Socioecological correlates associated with muscle-strengthening exercise at home during COVID-19 among adolescents: The our life at home study.

This study examined adolescent muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) participation at home and associated socioecological correlates during Australia's initial COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. Adolescents (N = 731, M = 16.3, SD = 1.

Factors Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Bangladesh.

Diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are a major public health burden in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to explore factors associated with CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 315 adults with T2D presenting at the outpatient department of Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences (BIHS) hospital between July 2013 to December 2013.

Changes in Families' Leisure, Educational/Work and Social Screen Time Behaviours before and during COVID-19 in Australia: Findings from the Our Life at Home Study.

This study aimed to understand differences in leisure, educational/work and social screen time behaviours experienced by parents and children due to COVID-19 lockdown restrictions, which may inform behaviour change strategies and policy in the transition to a COVID-normal life. Participants in the "Our Life at Home" study ( = 218 parents from Australia, 43.4 ± 6.

Physical activity and active recreation before and during COVID-19: The Our Life at Home study.

Objectives: To examine the effects of COVID-19 related 'lockdown restrictions' on Australian's (5-75 years) physical activity recommendation achievement and active recreation participation.

Design: Cross-sectional online survey with self and proxy-report items (where the participant was a parent).

Methods: Adults (n = 1360) and adolescents (n = 1292) reported the frequency they performed 30- or 60-min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), muscle-strengthening exercises, and participation in 11 active recreation behaviours in February 2020 (pre-COVID-19) and in April/May (during lockdown restrictions).

Brain Emotional Learning and Adaptive Model Predictive Controller for Induction Motor Drive: A New Cascaded Vector Control Topology.

With the development of high-speed microprocessors, it is now possible to implement mathematically complex vector control algorithms without compromising on the performance of motor drive. Among vector control techniques space vector proportional-integral (PI), direct-torque control (DTC), field-oriented control (FOC), model-predictive control (MPC) are being widely used in industries. But their limitations have urged researchers to develop more advance techniques.

Cardiovascular diseases risk prediction in patients with diabetes: Posthoc analysis from a matched case-control study in Bangladesh.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the estimated 10-year predicted risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among participants with and without diabetes in Bangladesh.

Methods: We performed posthoc analysis from a matched case-control study conducted among 1262 participants. A total of 631 participants with diabetes (case) were recruited from a tertiary hospital, and 631 age, sex and residence matched participants (control) were recruited from the community in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Association of carbonated soft drink and fast food intake with stress-related sleep disturbance among adolescents: A global perspective from 64 countries.

Background: Poor quality sleep adversely impacts on adolescent wellbeing. More multinational research is needed to understand modifiable risk factors, such as dietary behaviours. This study aimed to examine the association of carbonated soft drink and fast food intake with stress-related sleep disturbance among adolescents across 64 countries.