Application of the ERAS guidelines in pediatric urological surgery: a systematic review.

Introduction: Consensus for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in pediatrics has been achieved in neonatal intestinal surgery, yet it is not widely utilized in pediatric urology. We investigated the application of ERAS guidelines in pediatric urology, and determined its effects given the available level of evidence supporting the ERAS protocol in children.

Evidence Acquisition: A systematic literature review including series providing adoption of fast-track recovery protocols for pediatric urology procedures was carried out.

Prediction model for recurrence probabilities after intravesical chemotherapy in patients with intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, including external validation.

Purpose: To develop a model to predict recurrence for patients with intermediate-risk (IR) non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treated with intravesical chemotherapy which can be challenging because of the heterogeneous characteristics of these patients.

Methods: Data from three Dutch trials were combined. Patients treated with intravesical chemotherapy with characteristics according to the IR definition of the EAU guideline 2013 were included.

Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, and Activity Evaluation of TMX-101 in a Multicenter Phase 1 Study in Patients With Papillary Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Introduction/background: Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has a strong tendency to recur despite adjuvant instillations. TMX-101 is a new liquid form of imiquimod for intravesical instillation and has activity in vitro against urothelial carcinoma. The purpose was to analyze the activity of TMX-101 in low-grade NMIBC.

Urinary cytokines in patients treated with intravesical mitomycin-C with and without hyperthermia.

Objectives: To explore whether urinary cytokine and chemokine (CK) levels differed between cold mitomycin-C (cold-MMC)-treated patients and chemohyperthermia (C-HT)-treated patients, to shed light on the possible molecular mechanisms that might explain the superior outcome of C-HT. Furthermore, CK-differences were explored between C-HT responders and C-HT non-responders.

Methods: Twelve NMIBC patients were included.

Comparison of expected treatment outcomes, obtained using risk models and international guidelines, with observed treatment outcomes in a Dutch cohort of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with intravesical chemotherapy.

Objective: To compare the risks according to the American Urological Association (AUA), EAU, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and Club Urológico Español de Tratamiento Oncologico (CUETO) classifications with real outcomes in a cohort of patients in the Netherlands, and to confirm that patients who were undertreated according to these risk models have worse outcomes than adequately treated patients.

Patients And Methods: Patients treated with complete transurethral resection of bladder tumour and intravesical chemotherapy were included. Not all patients would have received intravesical chemotherapy had they been treated to current standards, and thus comparison of the observed outcomes in our Dutch cohort vs expected outcomes based on the EORTC risk tables and CUETO scoring model was possible.

NMIBC risk calculators: how useful are they for the practicing urologist and how can their clinical utility be improved?

The natural history of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in individual patients can be unpredictable. Although there are known clinical and molecular factors associated with tumor recurrence and progression, it is challenging to reconcile these data during a typical patient encounter within a busy clinic. The authors discuss the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer's risk tables along with other models for predicting prognosis in patients with NMIBC.

Results of a phase 1 dose escalation study of intravesical TMX-101 in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.

Purpose: Imiquimod, a toll like receptor 7 (TLR-7) agonist, is effective as a topical treatment for skin malignancies. TMX-101 is a liquid formulation of imiquimod. In this study we establish a safety profile of TMX-101 in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.

Intracutaneous and intravesical immunotherapy with keyhole limpet hemocyanin compared with intravesical mitomycin in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: results from a prospective randomized phase III trial.

Purpose: Despite current treatment after transurethral resection of a bladder tumor, recurrences and progression remain a problem. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) was beneficial in earlier studies. In this study, safety and efficacy of KLH were compared with that of mitomycin (MM).

Improving the cell distribution in collagen-coated poly-caprolactone knittings.

Adequate cellular in-growth into biomaterials is one of the fundamental requirements of scaffolds used in regenerative medicine. Type I collagen is the most commonly used material for soft tissue engineering, because it is nonimmunogenic and a highly porous network for cellular support can be produced. However, in general, adequate cell in-growth and cell seeding has been suboptimal.

Smoking status is a risk factor for recurrence after transurethral resection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Background: Cigarette smoking is the most well-established risk factor for developing bladder cancer.

Objective: To investigate the role of smoking status on the clinical outcome of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Data obtained during a prospective phase 3 study with three schedules of epirubicin were used for statistical analysis.

Discussion on the influence of HER2 status on the clinical outcome of bladder cancer continues.

Evaluation of: Bolenz C, Shariat SF, Karakiewicz PI et al. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression status provides independent prognostic information in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. BJUI 106, 1216-1222 (2010).

The role of a combined regimen with intravesical chemotherapy and hyperthermia in the management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review.

Context: Due to the suboptimal clinical outcomes of current therapies for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the search for better therapeutic options continues. One option is chemohyperthermia (C-HT): microwave-induced hyperthermia (HT) with intravesical chemotherapy, typically mitomycin C (MMC). During the last 15 yr, the combined regimen has been tested in different clinical settings.

Developments in intravesical therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is a frequent and heterogeneous disease with varying oncologic outcomes. The main goal in treating is to prevent recurrences and progression to muscle-invasive disease. Developments to improve the quality of transurethral resection of the bladder tumor and new chemotherapeutic options, including two device-assisted therapies, are being discussed.