Structure-Morphology-Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activity Relationship in Silver-Containing Nanocomposites Based on Polylactide.

Green synthesis of silver-containing nanocomposites based on polylactide (PLA) was carried out in two ways. With the use of green tea extract, Ag ions were reduced to silver nanoparticles with their subsequent introduction into the PLA (mechanical method) and Ag ions were reduced in the polymer matrix of PLA-AgPalmitate (PLA-AgPalm) (in situ method). Structure, morphology and thermophysical properties of nanocomposites PLA-Ag were studied by FTIR spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods.

Preparation, Characterization, and Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties of Silver-Containing Nanocomposites Based on Polylactic Acid-Chitosan.

Antimicrobial and antiviral nanocomposites based on polylactic acid (PLA) and chitosan were synthesized by a thermochemical reduction method of Ag ions in the PLA-Ag-chitosan polymer films. Features of the structural, morphological, thermophysical, antimicrobial, antiviral, and cytotoxic properties of PLA-Ag-chitosan nanocomposites were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and antiviral, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic studies. The effects of temperature and the duration of reduction of Ag ions on the structure of PLA-Ag-chitosan nanocomposites were established.

Novel approach to synthesis of silver nanoparticles in interpolyelectrolyte complexes based on pectin, chitosan, starch and their derivatives.

The effect of the chemical structure of interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPEC) based on polymers of natural origin (pectin-chitosan, pectin-cationic starch (starch), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-cationic β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), anionic starch (starch)-cationic starch (starch) on the structure, morphology, thermomechanical and antimicrobial properties of silver-containing nanocomposites obtained by thermochemical reduction of Ag ions in interpolyelectrolyte-metal complexes (IMC) was studied. Thermochemical reduction of Ag ions in the IMC bulk for 30 min at 150 °C led to formation of silver-containing nanocomposites and this fact was confirmed by wide-angle X-ray scattering method. Transmission electron microscopy showed that different sized of silver nanoparticles were formed depending on the chemical structure of IPEC.

Effect of the type of reducing agents of silver ions in interpolyelectrolyte-metal complexes on the structure, morphology and properties of silver-containing nanocomposites.

The objective of this work is to study the peculiarities of structural organization, morphology, thermomechanical, electrical and antimicrobial properties of nanocomposites based on pectin-polyethyleneimine interpolyelectrolyte complexes and silver nanoparticles in dependence on the type of reducing agent being applied for chemical reduction of silver ions in the interpolyelectrolyte-metal complexes. The average size of Ag nanoparticles is shown to be increased with decreasing of the activity of reducing agent (E) and equals to 3.8 nm, 4.

X-ray Study of Structural Formation and Thermomechanical Properties of Silver-Containing Polymer Nanocomposites.

The structural organization and thermomechanical properties of nanocomposites prepared from interpolyelectrolyte-metal complex (IMC) involving anionic polyelectrolyte, pectin and AgNO, and cationic polyelectrolyte, poly(4-vinylpyridine), have been investigated using the methods of wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering and thermomechanical analysis. It is established that chemical reduction of Ag ions in the IMC by sodium borohydride results in formation of the nanocomposite based on the "pectin-poly(4-vinylpyridine)" interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) and Ag nanoparticles as well. At the same time, the level of nanocomposites' structural heterogeneity is substantially enhancing, while effective size of the heterogeneity regions decreases.

Constant Electric and Magnetic Fields Effect on the Structuring and Thermomechanical and Thermophysical Properties of Nanocomposites Formed from Pectin-Cu(2+)-Polyethyleneimine Interpolyelectrolyte-Metal Complexes.

Applying wide-angle X-ray scattering method, thermomechanical analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry, the structural organization and properties of nanocomposites formed by chemical reduction of Сu(2+) cations in the interpolyelectrolyte-metal complex (pectin-Cu(2+)-polyethyleneimine) under the influence of a constant magnetic and electric fields have been studied. It has been found that the chemical reduction of Cu(2+) cations in the interpolyelectrolyte-metal complex bulk under constant electric and magnetic fields leads to formation of nanocomposite consisting of interpolyelectrolyte complex, including pectin-polyethyleneimine and nanoparticles of the metal Cu phase, whereas nanocomposite with Cu/Cu2O nanoparticles is formed in original state (without any field). It was observed that, under constant field, nanocomposites obtained have higher structural glass-transition temperatures and thermal stability.

[Role of intrarenal product TNF-alpha in the development of glomerular and tubulointerstitial tissues changes in elderly patients with diabetic nephropathy].

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TNF-alpha produced in the kidney in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) type 2 diabetes and its impact on the development of glomerular and tubulointerstitial tissue changes in these patients. The survey was conducted in 49 elderly patients (mean age 66.53 +/- 3.

[The role of IL-6 in the development of morphological changes in renal tissue in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by diabetic nephropathy].

Studies in recent years suggest a role for inflammation, proinflammatory cytokines in particular, the development of microvascular complications of diabetes, including nephropathy. We investigated the expression of IL-6 in the biopsy tissue kidneys (in glomeruli and interstitium) in 24 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by diabetic nephropathy. The significant influence of intrarenal expression of IL-6 on the development of morphological (glomerular and tubulointerstitial) changes in renal tissue in patients with diabetic nephropathy is shown.

[Age-related features of the mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis].

This article presents the data of 118 patients (77 men and 41 women) with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, aged 22-70 years. It is concluded that the rate of progression and severity of chronic glomerulonephritis, even within the same morphological form, is determined by age.

[Changes of extracellular space volume of the cerebral cortex during peripheral stimulation in rats].

Changes of extracellular space (ECS) volume evoked by peripheral repetitive stimulation were studied in the cerebral cortex. Extracellular volume and its changes were measured by electrical impedance method with the fourth electrode scheme. Measurements indicate that the dynamic changes of ECS volume accompany electrical activity of cortex and have value 3-5%.

[Autopsy-based data on radionuclide concentrations in selected endocrine organs (Vitebsk region, Belarus)].

Gamma spectometry was used to compare 137Cs levels in certain endocrine organs of victims of general and oncological diseases of different localizations. The radionuclide distribution in the thyroid, adrenals and pancreas was studied. Elevated concentrations were found in the endocrine system of cancer patients.

[Effect of protein load on kidney functions in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis].

Aim: To study changes in renal function in response to protein loads in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) who have normal renal function and initial uremia.

Material And Methods: 63 CGN patients were divided into two groups: 40 patients of group 1 (17 males, 23 females, age 16-53 years, plasma creatinine-Pcr < 0.132 mmol/l); 23 patients of group 2 (10 males, 13 females, age 18-57 years, Pcr > 0.

[Course of heart failure in patients with terminal chronic kidney failure on chronic hemodialysis].

Aim: To evaluate peculiarities of the course of cardiac failure (CF) in initiation of hemodialysis therapy (HT) in patients with terminal chronic renal failure (CRF) and 24 months after HT; to elucidate CF causes late in HT.

Material And Methods: Cardiohemodynamics was studied in 152 patients with terminal CRF during 2 years of HT.

Results: At initiation of HT, cardiohemodynamics was characterized by hyperkinetic syndrome, high total peripheral resistance, weak left ventricular systolic function, diastolic dysfunction.

[Effects of different variants of low-protein diet on progression of chronic renal failure and indices of nutritional status in predialysis stage].

Aim: To investigate effects of different variants of low-protein diet (LPD) (standard and with soy bean protein isolates) on inhibition of chronic renal failure (CRF) progression and prevention of protein-energy insufficiency in predialysis patients.

Materials And Methods: 150 patients with CRF were divided into three groups 50 patients each. Group 1 patients were given combined LPD with addition of soy bean isolate (0.

[Distribution of Cs-137 in the human body with malignant neoplasms of various localizations].

137Cs-concentrations and distribution in internal organs and malignant tumor tissues from cadavers and patients operated on for cancer were identified by gamma spectrometry in clinics of Vitebsk Region. Non-uniform distribution patterns in different organs were registered, irrespective of the presence or absence of malignancy.

[Factors influencing the results of chronic glomerulonephritis treatment].

The effectiveness of different treatment programs was studied in correlation with clinical characteristics of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) in 665 patients. It was established that the higher was CGN activity, the poorer were the treatment results. Nephrotic syndrome also had negative implications.

[Variants in the transient deterioration of kidney function in chronic glomerulonephritis].

A transient inhibition of glomerular filtration and/or elevation of blood creatinine were detected in 126 of 296 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Some of the patients had 2-4 episodes which occurred more frequently in exacerbations (56.3% of cases), less frequently in cytostatic treatment or in sanatorium.

[The effect of Recormon therapy on the quality of life of patients on hemodialysis treatment].

Recormon was given to 34 patients on hemodialysis. The drug's effects on quality of life were judged by the results of clinical, laboratory, experimental and psychological dynamic investigations. The highest effect occurred on the therapy month 6-12.

[A comparative evaluation of the efficacy of the clinical use of SKN-4M-, SKT-6A- and polifepan-type sorbents in treating patients with chronic kidney failure (clinical and experimental studies)].

Enterosorbents were tried clinically in 90 patients with chronic renal failure and in vitro (immersion into gastric juice, enteral and colon content). Advantages of granulated carbone sorbents over polyphepan, lignin derivative, were evident.