Association of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression with Aggressive Histological Types of Thyroid Carcinoma.

Introduction: Immunohistochemical expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has become a biomarker to predict the usefulness of cancer immunotherapy using PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in a variety of advanced-stage tumours. This emerging biomarker may serve to generate novel therapies for aggressive thyroid carcinoma (TC), which has not shown optimal results with existing treatments.

Methods: The present study investigated the relevance of PD-L1 expression in aggressive histological types of TC compared with that found in less aggressive types.

Histopathology and ARID1A Expression in Endometriosis- Associated Ovarian Carcinoma (EAOC) Carcinogenesis Model with Endometrial Autoimplantation and DMBA Induction.

Background: Ovarian carcinoma is one of the most deadly malignancies in the gynecologic field. The cause is not yet known, and the clinical symptoms are not specific. Endometrioid carcinoma and ovarian clear cell carcinoma can originate from endometriosis and are known as endometriosis-related ovarian carcinoma (EAOC).

Expression of the Bcl-2 family genes and complexes involved in the mitochondrial transport in prostate cancer cells.

Alteration of molecular pathways triggering apoptosis gives raise to various pathological tissue processes, such as tumorigenesis. The mitochondrial pathway is regulated by both the genes of the Bcl-2 family and the genes encoding mitochondrial transport molecules. Those proteins allow a release of cyctochrome c through the outer mitochondrial membrane.