Role of transforming growth factor β1 in the inhibition of gastric cancer cell proliferation by melatonin in vitro and in vivo.

Transforming growth factor β (TGF‑β) is a polypeptide growth factor with various biological activities, and is widely distributed in various tissues. In mammals, TGF‑β has three isoforms: TGF‑β1, 2, and 3, of which TGF‑β1 is most abundant in the TGF‑β family. TGF‑β1 is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors.

Melatonin induces the apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells via blockade of the AKT/MDM2 pathway.

Globally, gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common types of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer‑related death. In China, gastric and liver cancers have the highest mortality rates. Melatonin, also known as N-acetyl‑5-methoxytryptamine, is a hormone that is produced by the pineal gland in animals and regulates sleep and wakefulness.

Melatonin downregulates nuclear receptor RZR/RORγ expression causing growth-inhibitory and anti-angiogenesis activity in human gastric cancer cells and .

An adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients, derived from the formation of novel blood vessels, is critical for the growth and expansion of tumor cells. It has been demonstrated that melatonin (MLT) exhibits marked and oncostatic activities. The primary purpose of the present study was to evaluate the and antitumor activity of MLT on the growth and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells, and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Involvement of nuclear receptor RZR/RORγ in melatonin-induced HIF-1α inactivation in SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cells.

The melatonin nuclear receptor is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily RZR/ROR, which consists of three subtypes (α, β and γ), suggesting that immunomodulatory and antitumor effects through the intracellular action of melatonin depend on nuclear signaling. In the present study, the biological mechanisms of melatonin were elucidated in association with the RZR/RORγ pathway in SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cells under hypoxia. Melatonin suppressed the activity of RZR/RORγ and SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1) signaling pathway, which is essential for stabilization of hypoxia‑inducible factor-1α (HIF‑1α) during hypoxia.

Growth-inhibitory activity of melatonin on murine foregastric carcinoma cells in vitro and the underlying molecular mechanism.

Melatonin (MLT) is an indolic hormone produced mainly by the pineal gland. Recent human and animal studies have shown that MLT exerts obvious oncostatic activity both in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative effect of MLT on the murine foregastric carcinoma (MFC) cell and to determine the underlying molecular mechanism.

[Inhibitory effect of photodynamic therapy combined with paclitaxel on the proliferation of esophageal carcinoma Eca-109 cells].

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combination with paclitaxel (PCT) on proliferation in esophageal carcinoma Eca-109 cells line.

Methods: Eca-109 cells were treated with PCT alone, HPD alone at different doses, or their combinations. For the combined treatments, the cells were exposed to PCT for 12 h followed by incubation with HPD at high, middle or low concentrations for 4 h.