A Case of Bullous Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Treated with Surgical Removal of Submacular Fibrin and Subsequent Photodynamic Therapy under Silicone Oil.

Bullous retinal detachment is a rare complication in the chronic phase of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Only a small subset of eyes with chronic CSC develops into the bullous variant of CSC (bCSC). In patients with bCSC, the elevated concentration of fibrin in the subretinal space leads to persistent retinal detachment and eventually, severe vision loss.

Postoperative follow-up of submacular hemorrhage displacement treated with vitrectomy and subretinal injection of tissue plasminogen activator: ultrawide-field fundus autofluorescence imaging in gas-filled eyes.

Purpose: To investigate the utility of Optos ultrawide-field fundus autofluorescence (UWF-FAF) imaging for postoperative follow-up of gas-filled eyes after vitrectomy with subretinal tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) injection for subretinal hemorrhage (SRH) displacement.

Study Design: Retrospective consecutive case series.

Methods: This study included 24 eyes with SRH.

Drainage Retinotomy Confers Risk of Epiretinal Membrane Formation After Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair.

Purpose: To describe the factors associated with epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation in eyes treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Design: Nationwide, multicenter, clinical cohort study based on registry data.

Methods: We reviewed 2239 cases treated with PPV for RRD repair registered in the Japan-Retinal Detachment Registry between February 2016 and March 2017.

Optical coherence tomography angiography of choroidal neovascularization in immune choroiditis following acute retinal necrosis.

Purpose: To report optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings in a case of immune choroiditis following contralateral acute retinal necrosis (ARN) with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) during anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.

Case Report: A 64-year-old woman with immune choroiditis following contralateral ARN and secondary CNV presented with decreased visual acuity. Fundus examination revealed macular and peripheral yellowish lesions in the right eye.

Increased expression of periostin and tenascin-C in eyes with neovascular glaucoma secondary to PDR.

Purpose: To investigate periostin (PN) and tenascin-C (TNC) expression in the aqueous humor and trabeculectomy specimens of patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods: This study enrolled 37 eyes of 37 patients who were grouped into (1) NVG secondary to PDR (NVG; n = 8); (2) PDR without NVG (PDR; n = 9); (3) primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG; n = 11); and (4) cataract surgery patients as a control group (CG; n = 9). Aqueous humor samples were collected from the anterior chamber at the start of surgery or intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drug.

Preoperative estimation of distance between retinal break and limbus with wide-field fundus imaging: Potential clinical utility for conventional scleral buckling.

Objective: Accurate scleral marking of retinal breaks is essential for successful scleral buckling. This study aimed to investigate the use of wide-field fundus images obtained with an Optos for preoperative estimation of the distance from the limbus to the retinal breaks.

Methods And Analysis: This is a retrospective review of 29 eyes from 26 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who received scleral buckling with anatomically successful repair.

[Risk Factors and Preventive Effects of Laser Panretinal Photocoagulation for Neovascular Glaucoma after Ophthalmic Stereotactic Radiotherapy].

Purpose: To evaluate the risk factors and the preventive effects of laser panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) for neovascular glaucoma (NVG) after ophthalmic stereotactic radiotherapy. Methods: Twenty-four patients with ocular malignant tumor (such as uveal malignant melanoma, lacrimal gland cancer) who received stereotactic radiotherapy (such as gamma knife, cyber knife) were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into group A without preventive PRP (n=9), and group B with preventive PRP (n=15).

[Ocular surface squamous neoplasia: analysis of 34 cases].

Purpose: To evaluate location, treatment and clinical course in cases of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).

Methods: Thirty-four cases with OSSN [conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 17 cases; squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) 17 cases] treated in Kyushu University hospital from 2000 to 2011 were retrospectively studied.

Result: Lesions of CIN were observed in the conjunctiva bulbar in sixteen cases (16/17), and in eleven of those, the lesions were seen in the nasal part (nasal : lateral = 11 : 6).

Lack of lymphatics and lymph node-mediated immunity in choroidal neovascularization.

Purpose: Inflammation and immune cells regulate choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and could become therapeutic targets in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Lymphangiogenesis is a key component of various inflammatory diseases. Whether lymphangiogenesis and lymph node-mediated immunity are involved in the pathogenesis of AMD is not understood.

Altered vascular microenvironment by bevacizumab in diabetic fibrovascular membrane.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) on three cellular components (vascular endothelial cells, pericytes, and myofibroblasts) of the vascular microenvironment in fibrovascular membranes (FVMs) of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: Immunohistological studies with antibodies of CD34, αSMA, and transforming growth factor-β were performed on 20 surgical specimens obtained during a pars plana vitrectomy from 8 IVB-treated eyes, whereas 12 remained untreated. Four different indexes of vascular phenotype (vascular area, vascular major axis, CD34 endothelial area, and blood vessel density) and αSMA expression in vascular and stromal components were quantitatively analyzed.

Discontinuous LYVE-1 expression in corneal limbal lymphatics: dual function as microvalves and immunological hot spots.

LYVE-1(+) corneal lymphatics contribute to drainage and immunity. LYVE-1 is widely accepted as the most reliable lymphatic marker because of its continuous expression in lymphatic endothelium. LYVE-1 expression in corneal lymphatics has not been examined.

Intravitreal bevacizumab treatment for neovascular glaucoma: histopathological analysis of trabeculectomy specimens.

Background: Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a serious complication for patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Bevacizumab is a full-length humanized monoclonal antibody that binds all isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Recently, encouraging results regarding the off-label use of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for the treatment of NVG have been reported.

Establishment of a new animal model of focal subretinal fibrosis that resembles disciform lesion in advanced age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: Subretinal fibrosis causes damage to visual acuity, especially if the lesion is in the macula, as is frequently observed in advanced age-related macular degeneration. Exudate leukocytes form abnormal vessels that initiate regional inflammation accompanied with local glial proliferation and matrix production. The purpose of this study was to establish an animal model of focal subretinal fibrosis.

Role of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in the functional properties of hyalocytes.

Background/aim: Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is an inflammatory cytokine that is upregulated in various vitreoretinal diseases including uveitis and diabetic retinopathy. Recently, our studies have indicated that hyalocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases. However, the impact of TNFα on the functional properties of hyalocytes is unknown.

Retinitis pigmentosa associated with asteroid hyalosis.

Background: Asteroid hyalosis (AH) is a condition in which cream-colored or white spherical particles are suspended in the vitreous body. Asteroid hyalosis is considered not to cause decreased vision or any other visual symptoms except in rare cases. There have been a few reports of AH in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Histopathology of neovascular tissue from eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy after intravitreal bevacizumab injection.

Purpose: To examine the histopathologic effect of a single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab on newly formed vessels in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Design: Interventional case series and laboratory investigation.

Methods: Two days after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1.

Antiangiogenic mechanisms of simvastatin in retinal endothelial cells.

Background: While statins have an anti-angiogenic property, their underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We investigated intracellular mechanisms of simvastatin-mediated reduction in VEGF-induced signalings.

Methods: The effects of simvastatin on cell proliferation and viability were evaluated by [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation in retinal endothelial cells (RECs) and cell counting.

VEGF-C regulates lymphangiogenesis and capillary stability by regulation of PDGF-B.

Emerging evidence indicates that the tight communication between vascular endothelial cells and mural cells using platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB is essential for capillary stabilization during the angiogenic process. However, little is known about the related regulator that determines PDGF-BB expression. Using murine models of therapeutic neovascularization, we here show that a typical lymphangiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, is an essential regulator determining PDGF-BB expression for vascular stabilization via a paracrine mode of action.

Suppression of Sproutys has a therapeutic effect for a mouse model of ischemia by enhancing angiogenesis.

Sprouty proteins (Sproutys) inhibit receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and control various aspects of branching morphogenesis. In this study, we examined the physiological function of Sproutys in angiogenesis, using gene targeting and short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown strategies. Sprouty2 and Sprouty4 double knockout (KO) (DKO) mice were embryonic-lethal around E12.

Anatomical findings of vitreoretinal interface in eyes with asteroid hyalosis.

Purpose: To investigate the anatomical features of vitreoretinal interface in eyes with asteroid hyalosis (AH) with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) during vitreous surgery.

Methods: This study was an interventional clinical case series. Records relating to ten eyes from ten patients who underwent a TA-assisted vitrectomy for the treatment of diverse vitreoretinal diseases complicated with AH.

Acute toxicity study of a simian immunodeficiency virus-based lentiviral vector for retinal gene transfer in nonhuman primates.

A phase 1 clinical trial evaluating the safety of gene therapy for patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or retinoblastoma has been completed without problems. The efficacy of gene therapy for Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA) was reported by three groups. Gene therapy may thus hold promise as a therapeutic method for the treatment of intractable ocular diseases.

Stable retinal gene expression in nonhuman primates via subretinal injection of SIVagm-based lentiviral vectors.

Abstract Gene therapy may hold promise as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of intractable ocular diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Gene transfer vectors that are able to show long-lasting transgene expression in vivo are highly desirable to treat RP; however, there is a dearth of information regarding long-term transgene expression in the eyes of large animals. We previously reported that the simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys (SIVagm)-based lentiviral vector showed efficient, stable, and safe retinal gene transfer, resulting in significant prevention of retinal degeneration by gene transfer of a neurotrophic factor, human pigment epithelium-derived factor (hPEDF), in rodents.

An early "reopening" case of idiopathic macular hole; supportive usefulness of fundus autofluorescence.

Background: Anatomical closure of macular holes (MH) is now largely confirmed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) is also helpful in diagnosis and anatomical estimation of MH. We report a case of early reopening of anatomically closed MH, 2 days after release from face-down positioning where FAF abnormalities proceeded OCT findings.