Association of Adherence to a MIND-Style Diet With the Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Decline in the REGARDS Cohort.

Background And Objectives: Diet may influence the development of cognitive impairment and affect cognitive decline, but whether this relationship varies between Black American and White American people is unclear. This study examined the association of Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) and incident cognitive impairment and cognitive trajectories in a biracial prospective cohort study.

Methods: Using data derived from the Food Frequency Questionnaire in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study, we compared MIND diet adherence with incident cognitive impairment and cognitive trajectory in Black participants and White participants.

History of obstructive sleep apnea associated with incident cognitive impairment in white but not black individuals in a US national cohort study.

Background: We sought to determine if risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a history of OSA, and/or treatment of OSA has a different association with incident cognitive impairment or cognitive decline in Black individuals and White individuals.

Methods: To determine whether the risk for OSA, a history of OSA, and/or treatment of OSA has a different association with incident cognitive impairment or cognitive decline in Black individuals and White individuals; data from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) was used. Participants that completed the sleep questionnaire module, had baseline cognitive assessment, and at least one cognitive assessment during follow-up were included.

Development and Validation of the Lewy Body Disease Caregiver Activities Scale.

Caring for someone with Lewy body disease (LBD) is difficult. This study describes the development and validity testing of the LBD Caregiver Activities Scale (LBD-CAS). Caregiver interviews informed the development of the LBD-CAS.

MicroRNA expression within neuronal-derived small extracellular vesicles in frontotemporal degeneration.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA that are powerful regulators of gene expression and can affect the expression of hundreds of genes. miRNAs can be packed in small extracellular vesicles (SEV) and released into the extracellular space by neurons and microglia to act locally as well as pass through the blood-brain barrier and act systemically. We sought to understand the differences in neuronal SEV miRNA expression between frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and healthy aging.

Preliminary Outcomes of Combined Treadmill and Overground High-Intensity Interval Training in Ambulatory Chronic Stroke.

Purpose: Locomotor high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a promising intervention for stroke rehabilitation. However, overground translation of treadmill speed gains has been somewhat limited, some important outcomes have not been tested and baseline response predictors are poorly understood. This pilot study aimed to guide future research by assessing preliminary outcomes of combined overground and treadmill HIIT.

Differences in peripheral immune system gene expression in frontotemporal degeneration.

The peripheral immune system has a key pathophysiologic role in Frontotemporal degeneration (FTD). We sought a comprehensive transcriptome-wide evaluation of gene expression alterations unique to the peripheral immune system in FTD compared to healthy controls and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Nineteen subjects with FTD with 19 matched healthy controls and 9 subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis underwent isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) which then underwent bulk ribonucleic acid sequencing.

Needs and Concerns of Lewy Body Disease Family Caregivers: A Qualitative Study.

Lewy body disease (LBD) is a devastating condition with cognitive and physical deficits that pose a challenge to family caregivers. The purpose of this study was to identify the needs and concerns of family caregivers of persons with LBD. A convenience sample of LBD caregivers were interviewed regarding their caregiving needs, concerns, strategies, and advice.

Interdisciplinary Approaches to Survivorship with a Focus on the Low-grade and Benign Brain Tumor Populations.

Purpose Of Review: "Brain tumor is a bump in the road." Sheryl Crow a famous singer was quoted talking about her meningioma, a benign brain tumor that caused her to forget her lyrics. In this review, we focus on low-grade gliomas in adults and benign brain tumors, such as meningiomas, vestibular schwannomas, and pituitary tumors, since these individuals survive a long time and morbidity is a major issue.

Prevalence of Alternative Diagnoses and Implications for Management in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Patients.

Background: Following Bayes theorem, ventriculomegaly and ataxia confer only a 30% chance of idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH). When coupled with positive responses to best diagnostic testing (extended lumbar drainage), 70% of patients recommended for shunting will not actually have NPH. This is inadequate clinical care.

Diagnosing the frontal variant of Alzheimer's disease: a clinician's yellow brick road.

Background: Disruption of the frontal lobes and its associated networks are a common consequence of neurodegenerative disorders. Given the wide range of cognitive, behavioral and motor processes in which the frontal lobes are involved, there can be a great variety of manifestations depending on the pathology distribution. The most common are the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and the frontal variant of Alzheimer's disease (fvAD), which are particularly challenging to disentangle.

Treatment and Management of Dementia Due to Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder typically associated with episodic memory loss as the initial symptom, but individuals <65 years old may present with executive dysfunction, word finding difficulties, or visual processing deficits. In those with AD, curative treatments are not available, but there are interventions which may modify disease course, symptom appearance and severity, enhance quality of life for patient and caregivers, and maintain safety. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are important.

A comprehensive genetic association study of Alzheimer disease in African Americans.

Objectives: To evaluate the association of genetic variation with late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) in African Americans, including genes implicated in recent genome-wide association studies of whites.

Design: We analyzed a genome-wide set of 2.5 million imputed markers to evaluate the genetic basis of AD in an African American population.