An innovation bootcamp model for developing youth-led HIV self-testing delivery strategies in Nigeria: post-designathon capacity building.

Introduction: Many designathons, hackathons, and similar participatory events suffer from minimal training and support after the events. Responding to this need, we organized a health innovation bootcamp: an intensive, team-based apprenticeship training with research and entrepreneurial rigor among young people in Nigeria to develop HIV self-testing (HIVST) delivery strategies for Nigerian youth. The purpose of this paper was to describe an innovation bootcamp that aimed to develop HIVST delivery strategies for Nigerian youth.

Building alternative payment models in health care.

Introduction: Global interest is growing in new value-based models of financing, delivering, and paying for health care services that could produce higher-quality and lower cost outcomes for patients and for society. However, research indicates evidence gaps in knowledge related to alternative payment models (APMs) in early experimentation phases or those contracted between private insurers and their health care provider-partners. The aim of this research was to understand and update the literature related to learning how industry experts design and implement APMs, including specific elements of their models and their choice of stakeholders to be involved in the design and contractual details.

Neighborhood Context as a Barrier to Sport Participation for Girls: Evidence From a Sport Diversity Index.

Background: Evidence suggests neighborhood contexts play a vital role in shaping the availability and diversity of youth sport and participation rates, especially for African American or Black girls. Currently, no index captures interscholastic sport opportunities (eg, sport diversity) within and across school districts and specifically applied to African American or Black girls.

Objective: To visualize the inequalities present in interscholastic sport opportunities for girls across school districts using a novel index in a selected study area of St Louis City and County, Missouri, and discuss the implications for African American or Black girls.

Preconception health indicators among adult US men: Race/ethnicity variations and temporal trends.

Background: Preconception health is important for men as it is for women. However, optimizing preconception health is understudied among men.

Objectives: To examine the time trends and temporal shifts in preconception health risk indicators among 20-44-year-old adult US men in need of preconception care and their racial/ethnic variations.

An exploration of the cultural appropriateness of the family-centered function-focused care intervention.

The Family-centered Function Focused Care (Fam-FFC) intervention, is a nurse-family care partnership model aimed to improve the physical and cognitive recovery in hospitalized persons living with Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (ADRD) while improving the care partner's experiences. Discussions of patients' needs and preferences between nurses and the patient's close family members have been found to be useful in preventing excessive stress in persons with dementia, while lessening the anxiety of care partners. However, the efficacy of dementia-specific interventions is influenced in part by the degree to which the interventions are flexible and sensitive to the patient's and care-partner's condition, needs, and preferences, including cultural preferences.

Testing an Intervention to Improve Posthospital Outcomes in Persons Living With Dementia and Their Family Care Partners.

Background And Objectives: Hospitalized persons living with dementia are at risk for functional decline, behavioral symptoms of distress, and delirium, all persisting in the postacute period. In turn, family care partners (FCPs) experience increased anxiety and lack of preparedness for caregiving, compounding existing strain and burden. Family-centered Function-focused Care (Fam-FFC) purposefully engages FCPs in assessment, decision-making, care delivery, and evaluation of function-focused care during and after hospitalization (within 48 hours of discharge, weekly telephone calls for a total of 7 additional weeks, then monthly for 4 months).

Caregiver preparedness is associated with desire to seek long-term care admission of hospitalized persons with dementia.

Introduction: Hospitalized patients with dementia are more likely to be discharged to long-term care compared to persons without dementia. Little research has been conducted to examine the associations of caregiver preparedness and strain with desire to seek long-term care in hospitalized persons with dementia at discharge. The purpose of this study was to examine caregiver preparedness and strain as factors associated with desire to seek long-term care admission in caregivers of persons with dementia at hospital discharge.

Clinical factors associated with the quality of interactions between staff and hospitalized older patients with dementia.

This study examines the clinical factors associated with the quality of interactions between staff and hospitalized older patients with dementia. Following examination of bivariate associations, we conducted multiple linear regression in a sample of 140 hospitalized older patients with dementia who participated in the final cohort of an intervention study implementing Family-centered Function-focused Care (Fam-FFC). On average, the participants (male = 46.

Digital HPV education to increase vaccine uptake among low income women.

Objective: The objective of this formative study was to gather women's perspectives in the design and communication modalities of a health kiosk set within a Planned Parenthood setting to promote patient education about the Human papillomavirus (HPV) and to motivate uptake of the HPV vaccine.

Methods: Twenty-four women aged 18-35 participated in in-depth one-on-one interviews at a Planned Parenthood health center, which were analyzed in code-associated categories using NVivo11 Pro.

Results: Most women showed receptivity to using an on-site health kiosk, as well as QR codes linked to text messages, to receive HPV-related health information outside of the clinic setting and reminders.

Tracking adaptation strategies of an HIV prevention intervention among youth in Nigeria: a theoretically informed case study analysis of the 4 Youth by Youth Project.

Background: Although many behavioral interventions are adapted, little is known about the reasons for adaptations and the process and outcomes influencing adaptations. To address this gap, we explored the adaptations made to promote HIV prevention services, including HIV self-testing (HIVST), among Nigerian youth.

Methods: The main objective of this qualitative case study design was to document the adaptations made over time using the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications - Expanded (FRAME).

Designing a childhood obesity preventive intervention using the multiphase optimization strategy: The Healthy Bodies Project.

Background/aims: Preventing the development of childhood obesity requires multilevel, multicomponent, comprehensive approaches. Study designs often do not allow for systematic evaluation of the efficacy of individual intervention components before the intervention is fully tested. As such, childhood obesity prevention programs may contain a mix of effective and ineffective components.

Delirium and Behavioral Symptoms in Persons With Dementia at Hospital Admission: Mediating Factors.

Background: Hospitalized persons with dementia are at risk of delirium with behavioral symptoms, predisposing them to a higher rate of complications and caregiver distress. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between delirium severity in patients with dementia upon admission to the hospital and the manifestation of behavioral symptoms, and to evaluate the mediating effects of cognitive and physical function, pain, medications, and restraints.

Methods: This descriptive study used baseline data from 455 older adults with dementia enrolled in a cluster randomized clinical trial that tested the efficacy of family centered function-focused care.

Gender differences in interactions and depressive symptoms among hospitalized older patients living with dementia.

Alzheimer's disease or a related dementia (ADRD) disproportionately affects women with two-thirds of individuals with ADRD comprised of women. This study examined gender-related differences in the quality of staff-patient interactions and depressive symptoms among hospitalized older patients living with dementia. This secondary analysis utilized baseline data of 140 hospitalized older patients with dementia who participated in the final cohort of a randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.

Men's Preconception Health and Fertility Intentions: A Latent Class Analysis Approach.

Men's pregnancy intention is associated with a host of positive outcomes for families, yet this topic remains understudied. Because unintended pregnancies are more likely to occur at suboptimal parental health, this study aimed to examine the extent to which men improve their preconception health in the context of future fertility planning. This study used pooled data from the 2011-2019 National Survey of Family Growth for a final sample size of 10,223.

Perceived Facilitators and Barriers to Participating in a Combination Income-Generating HIV Risk-Reduction Intervention Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Nigeria: A Qualitative Study.

Human immunodeficiency virus risk-reduction interventions that include income-generating activities are garnering attention as effective strategies to engage adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) toward HIV risk reduction. To sustain and promote the uptake of these interventions, researchers must understand factors that may encourage or present barriers to AGYW participation in such interventions. This study explores AGYW perceived barriers and facilitators to participation in a school-based combination income-generating HIV prevention intervention in Nigeria.

Men's preconception health and the social determinants of health: What are we missing?

Background: Life course perspectives suggest that optimizing men's health before conception is requisite to equitably improve population health, an area of increasing public health focus. Although scholarship on the social determinants of health (SDOH) suggests that men's health and health behaviors do not occur in a vacuum, preconception health studies have not explicitly examined how these factors influence men's preconception health.

Objective: To identify latent classes of men's preconception health and the role of the SDOHs in predicting class membership.

Structural and health system determinants of health outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus: Understanding the mechanisms underlying health disparities.

Chronic diseases are increasingly responsible for the burden of health outcomes across the world. However, there is also increasing recognition that patterns of chronic disease outcomes (e.g.

Factors Associated With Sleep Quality in Hospitalized Persons With Dementia.

Background: Factors associated with sleep quality have not been well examined in hospitalized older persons with dementia, who are at high risk for impaired sleep. The aim was to identify factors associated with sleep quality among hospitalized persons with dementia.

Methods: This secondary analysis used baseline data from a cluster randomized trial.

The Modified Caregiver Strain Index in Black and White Dementia Caregivers at Hospital Discharge.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine psychometric properties of the Modified Caregiver Strain Index (MCSI) in Black and White caregivers of persons living with dementia at hospital discharge.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using baseline data of 423 family caregivers recruited from a cluster randomized clinical control trial. Factor structure, measurement invariance, and concurrent validity of the MCSI were analyzed.

Motivators and Barriers to HPV Vaccination: A Qualitative Study of Underserved Women Attending Planned Parenthood.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. Disease-associated strains of HPV can cause genital warts and six cancer types. HPV-associated cervical cancer disproportionately impacts medically underserved women including Black and Latina women with respect to incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates.

Understanding factors that promote uptake of HIV self-testing among young people in Nigeria: Framing youth narratives using the PEN-3 cultural model.

It is important to understand how to frame the formats for promoting HIV self-testing to increase uptake among young people. In this study, we used a culture-centered model to understand the narratives of HIV self-testing preferences among young people in Nigeria. We conducted a crowdsourcing contest to solicit ideas surrounding HIV self-testing promotion among young people (10-24 years) in Nigeria from October to November 2018 as part of the 2018 World AIDS Day event.

COVID-19 and crisis communication among African American households.

Background: African American (AA) families are disproportionately burdened by COVID-19 resulting in morbidity and death. How pandemic risks and impacts are communicated to parents and in turn translated to children can have implications for familial mental wellbeing. Because culture shapes how information is received, processed, and utilized, there is need to understand how AA parents' experiences of COVID-19 information sharing and perceived vulnerabilities influenced communication with their children.

COVID-19, "A Gift and a Curse" in Unsettling Times: A Qualitative Study.

The objectives of this study were to rapidly explore the perceptions of female-headed African American families on "stressors," "stress reactions," and "opportunities" amid the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown mandates. Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 9 African American women in a rural Midwestern (US) community, who were single parents/grandparents and cared for at least one child/grandchild aged 5 to 17 years. A thematic analytical approach was used to review, code, and analyze phone interview transcripts.

Blockchain and population health.

Background: Blockchain technology has made great strides in many industries but has yet to impact the world of public health. Population health issues such as outbreak surveillance and controlled substance tracking during emergencies all require a secure, easily accessible database. While the healthcare industry is typically slow to adapt to change, blockchain technology lends itself well to many healthcare issues.