Recognizability and timing of infant vocalizations relate to fluctuations in heart rate.

For human infants, producing recognizable speech is more than a cognitive process. It is a motor skill that requires infants to learn to coordinate multiple muscles of varying functions across their body. This coordination is directly linked to ongoing fluctuations in heart rate; a physiological process that can scaffold behavior.

Cell type and dynamic state govern genetic regulation of gene expression in heterogeneous differentiating cultures.

Identifying the molecular effects of human genetic variation across cellular contexts is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying disease-associated loci, yet many cell types and developmental stages remain underexplored. Here, we harnessed the potential of heterogeneous differentiating cultures (HDCs), an in vitro system in which pluripotent cells asynchronously differentiate into a broad spectrum of cell types. We generated HDCs for 53 human donors and collected single-cell RNA sequencing data from over 900,000 cells.

Effectiveness of Single Versus Multiple Inhaler Triple Therapy on Mortality and Cardiopulmonary Risk Reduction in COPD: The SKOPOS-MAZI Study.

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have elevated cardiopulmonary and mortality risk, particularly following exacerbations. While single inhaler triple therapies (SITTs), such as budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate (BGF), reduce cardiopulmonary risk versus dual bronchodilator therapy, there is limited evidence comparing outcomes with SITTs versus multiple inhaler triple therapies (MITTs).

Methods: SKOPOS-MAZI was a retrospective comparative effectiveness study in patients with COPD aged ≥40 years using US administrative claims data from Optum's deidentified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database.

The Impact of Clinical Supervision on the Mental Health Nursing Workforce: A Scoping Review.

Clinical supervision is a psychologically safe practice that aims to provide support and training for workers within the healthcare industry, including mental health nurses. Over the years, clinical supervision has been cited as a practice to improve workforce outcomes for both individual mental health nurses and the organisations they work in. The aim of this scoping review is to examine the evidence exploring the relationship between clinical supervision and workforce outcomes for mental health nurses.

Impact of implementing primary care-based medication for opioid use disorder on provider and staff perceptions.

Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is the management of opioid use disorder (OUD) on an outpatient basis with buprenorphine or buprenorphine/naloxone (or methadone, which is limited to federally certified opioid treatment programs). Primary care practices are well poised to provide comprehensive care for patients with OUD, including provision of MOUD. The aim of this study was to assess provider and staff OUD attitudes and role perceptions before and after implementation of a MOUD clinical service line.

Dialect and mathematics performance in African American children who use AAE: Insights from explanatory IRT and error analysis.

Little is known about mismatches between the language of mathematics testing instruments and the rich linguistic repertoires that African American children develop at home and in the community, in part because research paradigms with African American English (AAE) dialect speakers face complex challenges in measurement, historical exclusion, and other social, economic, cultural, and linguistic confounds. The current study aims to provide a proof of concept and novel explanatory item response design that uses error analysis to investigate the relationship between AAE child language and children's mathematics assessment outcomes. Here, we illustrate 2 and 3 grade children's qualitative patterns of performance on arithmetic tasks in relation to their AAE dialect use and elaborate a unified framework for examining child and item level linguistic characteristics.

Clinical Utility of Tumor-Naïve Presurgical Circulating Tumor DNA Detection in Early-Stage NSCLC.

Objectives: The use of tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing in patients with early-stage disease before surgery is limited, mainly owing to restricted tissue access and extended turnaround times. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of a tumor-naïve, methylation-based cell-free DNA assay in a large cohort of patients with resected NSCLC.

Method: We analyzed presurgical plasma samples from 895 patients with EGFR and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-wild-type, clinical stage I or II NSCLC.

Increased Risk of Severe Cardiovascular Events Following Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results of the EXACOS-CV Study in Japan.

Introduction: Severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are known to increase the risk of cardiovascular events. However, this association has not been investigated specifically in patients with COPD in Japan, whose characteristics may differ from those of Western patients (i.e.

Exposure to Gulf war illness-related chemicals exacerbates alcohol-induced liver damage in rodents.

Gulf War Illness (GWI) describes a series of symptoms suffered by veterans of the Gulf war, consisting of cognitive, neurological and gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Two chemicals associated with GWI are the insecticide permethrin (PER) and the nerve gas prophylactic pyridostigmine-bromide (PB). In this study we assessed the effects of PER and PB exposure on the pathology and subsequent alcohol (EtOH)-induced liver injury, and the influence of a macrophage depletor, PLX3397, on EtOH-induced liver damage in PER/PB-treated mice.

Risk of severe cardiovascular events following COPD exacerbations: results from the EXACOS-CV study in Spain.

Introduction And Objectives: This real-world study-the first of its kind in a Spanish population-aimed to explore severe risk for cardiovascular events and all-cause death following exacerbations in a large cohort of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: We included individuals with a COPD diagnosis code between 2014 and 2018 from the BIG-PAC health care claims database. The primary outcome was a composite of a first severe cardiovascular event (acute coronary syndrome, heart failure decompensation, cerebral ischemia, arrhythmia) or all-cause death following inclusion in the cohort.

Problem solving is embedded in context… so how do we measure it?

Problem solving encompasses the broad domain of human, goal-directed behaviors. Though we may attempt to measure problem solving using tightly controlled and decontextualized tasks, it is inextricably embedded in both reasoners' experiences and their contexts. Without situating problem solvers, problem contexts, and our own experiential partialities as researchers, we risk intertwining the research of information relevance with our own confirmatory biases about people, environments, and ourselves.

The Growth of Complex Syntax in School-Age African American Children Who Speak African American English.

Purpose: Syntax provides critical support for both academic success and linguistic growth, yet it has not been a focus of language research in school-age African American children. This study examines complex syntax performance of African American children in second through fifth grades.

Method: The current study explores the syntactic performances of African American children ( = 513) in Grades 2-5 on the Test of Language Development-Intermediate who speak African American English.

Cell-type and dynamic state govern genetic regulation of gene expression in heterogeneous differentiating cultures.

Identifying the molecular effects of human genetic variation across cellular contexts is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying disease-associated loci, yet many cell-types and developmental stages remain underexplored. Here we harnessed the potential of heterogeneous differentiating cultures ( ), an system in which pluripotent cells asynchronously differentiate into a broad spectrum of cell-types. We generated HDCs for 53 human donors and collected single-cell RNA-sequencing data from over 900,000 cells.

Cardiovascular events after exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Results from the EXAcerbations of COPD and their OutcomeS in CardioVascular diseases study in Italy.

Introduction: Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can increase the risk of severe cardiovascular events.

Objective: Assess the crude incidence rates (IR) of cardiovascular events and the impact of exacerbations on the risk of cardiovascular events within different time periods following an exacerbation.

Methods: COPD patients aged ≥45 years between 01/01/2015 and 12/31/2018 were identified from the Fondazione Ricerca e Salute administrative database.

Andexanet alfa versus PCC products for factor Xa inhibitor bleeding: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Previous meta-analyses assessed andexanet alfa (AA) or prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) products for the treatment of Factor Xa inhibitor (FXaI)-associated major bleeding. However, they did not include recent studies or assess the impact of the risk of bias. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis on the effectiveness of AA versus PCC products for FXaI-associated major bleeding, inclusive of the studies' risk of bias.

Factors associated with non-fatal heart failure and atrial fibrillation or flutter within the first 30 days post COPD exacerbation: a nested case-control study.

Background: An immediate, temporal risk of heart failure and arrhythmias after a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbation has been demonstrated, particularly in the first month post-exacerbation. However, the clinical profile of patients who develop heart failure (HF) or atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF) following exacerbation is unclear. Therefore we examined factors associated with people being hospitalized for HF or AF, respectively, following a COPD exacerbation.

Elucidating the risk of cardiopulmonary consequences of an exacerbation of COPD: results of the EXACOS-CV study in Germany.

Background: Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represent a period of vulnerability. This study explored the association between time periods following an exacerbation and the risk of severe cardiovascular (CV) events or death in Germany.

Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted using routinely collected healthcare data.

Impact of clinical supervision on the mental health nursing workforce: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Mental health nurses work in potentially unpredictable, stressful and complex environments that can lead to burn-out and high staff turnover. Clinical supervision is a formal and professional agreement between two or more people that aims to strengthen individuals' competencies and organisational strengths. Effective clinical supervision has been noted as a method of reducing workplace issues within mental health nursing, but there is not currently a synthesis of evidence in this area.

Risk of Death and Cardiovascular Events Following an Exacerbation of COPD: The EXACOS-CV US Study.

Purpose: This study estimated the magnitude and duration of risk of cardiovascular events and mortality following acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), and whether risks varied by number and severity of exacerbation in a commercially insured population in the United States.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of newly diagnosed COPD patients ≥40 years old in the Healthcare Integrated Research Database from 2012 to 2019. Patients experiencing exacerbations comprised the "exacerbation cohort".

Heightened long-term cardiovascular risks after exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objective: To examine the risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) events following an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study identified patients with COPD using administrative data from Alberta, Canada from 2014 to 2019. Exposure periods were 12 months following moderate or severe exacerbations; the reference period was time preceding a first exacerbation.

Temporal Risk of Nonfatal Cardiovascular Events After Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation: A Population-based Study.

Cardiovascular events after chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations are recognized. Studies to date have been analyses of trials, did not differentiate exacerbation severity, included death in the cardiovascular outcome, or had insufficient power to explore individual outcomes temporally. We explore temporal relationships between moderate and severe exacerbations and incident, nonfatal hospitalized cardiovascular events in a primary care-derived COPD cohort.

Type IV pilus retraction is required for colonization and persistence in a natural mouse model of infection.

We describe the importance of Type IV pilus retraction to colonization and persistence by a mouse commensal in its native host. Our findings have implications for the role of Tfp retraction in mediating interactions of human-adapted pathogenic and commensal with their human host due to the relatedness of these species.

Risk of cardiovascular events after an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from the EXACOS-CV cohort study using the PHARMO Data Network in the Netherlands.

Background: People living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an increased risk of experiencing cardiovascular (CV) events, particularly after an exacerbation. Such CV burden is not yet known for incident COPD patients. We examined the risk of severe CV events in incident COPD patients in periods following either moderate and/or severe exacerbations.