A clinical device for measuring internal-external rotational laxity of the knee.

Background: The dial test can be improved by providing reproducible, accurate measurements to improve diagnosis and treatment comparisons.

Purpose: Validation of a rotational measurement device (RMD) for measuring knee internal-external rotational laxity.

Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Measurement of rotational laxity of the knee: in vitro comparison of accuracy between the tibia, overlying skin, and foot.

Background: Posterolateral corner (PLC) injuries are difficult to diagnose and cause significant morbidity. The ideal method for the dial test and its accuracy remain unclear.

Purpose: This study compares the accuracy of measuring tibial external rotation at the skeletal level to measuring the patella-tubercle angle (PTA) and the thigh-foot angle (TFA) in the supine position to assess the most accurate method to measure rotation during the dial test.

Meniscofemoral ligaments--structural and material properties.

The meniscofemoral ligaments (MFLs) of 28 human cadaveric knees were studied to determine their incidence, structural and material properties. Using the Race-Amis casting method for measurement, the mean cross-sectional area for the anterior MFL (aMFL) was 14.7 mm(2) (+/-14.