The 'Prostate Embolisation AS first-line therapY compAred to meDication in treatment naïVe men with prostAte eNlargement, a randomised ControllEd trial' (P-EASY ADVANCE): a randomised controlled trial of prostate embolisation vs medication for BPH.

Objective: To compare prostate artery embolisation (PAE) to the combination of tamsulosin and dutasteride therapy as a potential first-line therapy for obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in treatment-naïve patients in the 'Prostate Embolisation AS first-line therapY compAred to meDication in treatment naïVe men with prostAte eNlargement, a randomised ControllEd trial' (P-EASY ADVANCE).

Patients And Methods: A total of 39 men with enlarged prostates, moderate-severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and obstructed/equivocal urodynamic studies (UDS), and who had no prior treatment for BPH, were randomised to receive either combined medical therapy with tamsulosin and dutasteride (medication) or PAE. Follow-up UDS, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), uroflowmetry and ultrasound were performed at short- to medium-term intervals following interventions and compared to baseline.

The Role of Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Primary Staging of Selected Renal Tumours: Initial Experience in a Multicentre Cohort.

Background: Accurate primary staging of renal cancer with conventional imaging is challenging. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) may serve to improve the accuracy of renal cancer staging.

Objective: To determine clinicopathological and management differences for primary renal cancer staged with PSMA PET/CT in comparison to conventional imaging.

Clinical impact of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography (PET) on intensification or deintensification of advanced renal cell carcinoma management.

Purpose: There is an emerging role of the use of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in renal cell carcinoma. Herein, we report our experience in use of PSMA PET in recurrent or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent PSMA PET for suspected recurrent or de-novo metastatic RCC between 2015 and 2020 at three institutions was performed.

Characterization of tumor thrombus in renal cell carcinoma with prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT).

Introduction: Venous tumor thrombus (TT) occurs as part of the natural history of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) local progression in a small minority of cases. MRI is currently the most accurate imaging modality for determining TT extent. PSMA PET/CT may improve RCC staging and IVC TT characterization.

The role of dual tracer PSMA and FDG PET/CT in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) compared to conventional imaging: A multi-institutional case series with intra-individual comparison.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to perform an intra-individual dual tracer comparison of Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) computed tomography (CT)/Positron Emission Tomography (PET) against standard of care (SOC) imaging for the characterisation, staging and restaging of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods: A multicentre retrospective cohort study was performed at 3 major tertiary referral institutions in Brisbane, Australia between 2015 and 2020. All patients who underwent both PSMA and FDG PET/CT following SOC imaging for investigation of RCC were identified.

Should Lutetium-prostate specific membrane antigen radioligand therapy for metastatic prostate cancer be used earlier in men with lymph node only metastatic prostate cancer?

Purpose: Lutetium labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen radioligand therapy (Lu-PSMA RLT) has shown pleasing early results in management of high-volume metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), but its role in the early treatment of men with only lymph node metastasis (LNM) is unknown. The aim was to assess the outcome of Lu-PSMA RLT earlier in the treatment of men with only LNM.

Materials And Methods: Single institution retrospective review of men with only LNM on staging Ga-PSMA PET PSMA who proceeded with Lu-PSMA RLT.

F-FET PET maximum standard uptake value and WHO tumour classification grade in glioma.

Background: In the area of oncology, molecular imaging techniques are becoming increasingly utilised. In neuro-oncology imaging, Fluoro-O-(2) fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine ( F-FET) is one of the molecular tracers used in positron-emission tomography (PET). Here, we investigated the correlation between maximum standard uptake value (SUV) of F-FET PET and histologically determined World Health Organization (WHO) grade in glioma.

A novel technique for a rare diagnosis: MRI-guided vaginal biopsy of Skene gland adenocarcinoma: Pictorial Essay.

FDG-PET and MRI imaging of the pelvis identified a suspicious lesion in a patient with a history of small cell neuroendocrine tumour of the vagina, and after a negative surgical biopsy, a multidisciplinary team meeting decided to proceed with MRGB (magnetic resonance-guided biopsy). The patient remains well and in remission two years after anterior exenteration, with final histology of the lesion determined to be Skene gland adenocarcinoma. MRGB is a novel and effective way to diagnose vaginal lesions.

Intracranial Metastasis from Prostate Cancer: Investigation, Incidence, and Imaging Findings in a Large Cohort of Australian Men.

Objectives: Prostate cancer metastasizing to the brain is remarkably uncommon, with the incidence never having been described in the modern setting. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and imaging pattern of intracranial metastasis from prostate cancer in a large cohort of Australian men with prostate cancer.

Material And Methods: Retrospective review was undertaken of imaging reports for all known prostate cancer patients, who underwent an imaging examination inclusive of the brain, between July 1, 2014, and July 1, 2020.

Lu177-PSMA therapy for men with advanced prostate cancer: 18 months survival analysis in a single Australian tertiary institution.

Introduction: Radioligand therapies, or 'theranostics', have an emerging role in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Lutetium-177 (Lu), targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), has demonstrated promising outcomes including reduced disease progression and improved overall survival. We aim to determine overall survival demonstrated by our LuPSMA patient cohort to date.

Combined Intravenous Urogram and 68Ga-PSMA PET/ CT for Improved Staging and Restaging of Prostate Cancer.

Staging/restaging of prostate cancer utilizing Gallium-68 (Ga) prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in combination with an intravenous urogram allows improved discrimination between radiotracer activity in the renal tract and small pelvic nodes or local recurrences. Within this pictorial essay, we describe the imaging protocol utilized at our institution and present cases which demonstrate the utility of this combined imaging approach.

Solitary rib lesions showing prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) uptake in pre-treatment staging Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission tomography scans for men with prostate cancer: benign or malignant?

Objectives: To determine the proportion of solitary rib lesions on pre-treatment Gallium-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)/computed tomography (CT) scans in men with prostate cancer that are malignant and examine any predictive factors.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective single tertiary referral institution cohort study of men reviewed the results of Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scans performed for primary staging prior to treatment of prostate cancer from July 2014 to September 2019. Men with PSMA uptake outside the prostate in only the rib lesion were included.

Prostate penile metastasis: Incidence and imaging pattern on Ga-PSMA PET/CT.

Background: Prostate cancer commonly metastasises to bone and regional lymphatics and more rarely to locations such as the brain, skin and penis. Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen ( Ga-PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has widely become the routine imaging modality for prostate cancer staging and re-staging in Australia. The aim of this study was to retrospectively review all Ga-PSMA PET/CT examinations performed to date at our institution to determine the frequency of penile metastases.

What does coal mine dust lung disease look like? A radiological review following re-identification in Queensland.

Introduction: Coal mine dust lung disease (CMDLD), including the pneumoconioses, dust-related diffuse fibrosis (DDF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are occupational lung diseases attributed to respirable coal mine dust. Following the re-identification of CMDLD in Queensland in 2015, we undertook a case series to understand their radiological presentation.

Methods: Chest radiographs and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were retrospectively reviewed for 79 male individuals diagnosed by a respiratory physician with a CMDLD since 2015.

Lu177-PSMA therapy for men with advanced prostate cancer: Initial 18 months experience at a single Australian tertiary institution.

Introduction: Lutetium-177-PSMA (LuPSMA) is a targeted systemic radioligand treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). LuPSMA is considered as an experimental treatment not yet used in routine practice. Here, we report our experience following the introduction of LuPSMA therapy at our institution.

Five-year trends of bone scan and prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography utilization in prostate cancer: A retrospective review in a private centre.

Introduction: In the last 5 years, there has been a significant focus on the use of positron emission tomography (PET) for primary and secondary staging of prostate cancer. In this study, we aim to describe the trends of use between Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen ligand (Ga-68 PSMA) PET/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT) and nuclear medicine bone scan (NMBS) for prostate cancer staging in the first institution in Australia to offer both modalities.

Methods: We evaluated trends in prostate cancer staging/restaging imaging modalities at our facility between the time period January 2013-April 2018.

Unexpected significant findings non-related to prostate cancer identified using combined prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/CT and diagnostic CT scan in primary staging for prostate cancer.

Introduction: There is increasing scientific evidence that whole-body Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen ( Ga-PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) improves the sensitivity of prostate cancer detection above standard staging radiology. Diagnostic IV-contrasted CT scanning offers high-quality recognition and delineation of organs and structures with a high sensitivity and specificity for diagnoses of many non-prostate pathologies. At our institution, imaging for prostate cancer staging and restaging involves a Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan combined with a diagnostic IV-contrasted CT scan of the head, neck, chest, abdomen and pelvis.

Radiological appearance of coal mine dust lung diseases in Australian workers.

Coal Mine Dust Lung Disease (CMDLD) encompasses a spectrum of lung diseases caused by prolonged exposure to coal mine dust. This review presents high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images from men diagnosed with a CMDLD since the resurgence of these diseases in Queensland in 2015.

Prostate artery Embolisation Assessment of Safety and feasibilitY (P-EASY): a potential alternative to long-term medical therapy for benign prostate hyperplasia.

Objectives: To assess the safety, short-term efficacy and early functional results of prostate artery embolisation (PAE), an emerging minimally invasive treatment for symptomatic benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).

Patients And Methods: In all, 51 men with BPH (prostate size >40 mL) causing moderate-severe lower urinary tract symptoms, who had either failed or ceased medical therapy and had declined or were considered unsuitable for surgical intervention, were recruited to this study. All men underwent baseline clinical assessment, PAE, and 3-month follow-up.

Novel MRI of mediastinal masses: internal differentiation of a thymoma and lymphoma with T1 and T2 mapping.

Routine imaging for mediastinal malignancies includes chest X-ray, CT or MRI. T1 and T2 mapping are novel MRI techniques which may have a role in expanding the assessment of internal tumour characteristics. This case report details two middle-aged women who had similar clinical presentations of mediastinal masses of comparable size and appearance when assessed with routine imaging.

Genotyping confirms inheritance of the rare At(a-) type in a case of haemolytic disease of the newborn.

The At(a) blood group antigen (now AUG2 in the Augustine system) is a high-frequency antigen with negative phenotype At(a-) found only in individuals of African ancestry. In a twin pregnancy, the fifth pregnancy in a woman of African origin, serological investigations confirmed that the mother was At(a-) and anti-At(a) was detected. DNA samples were exome sequenced and alignment was performed to allow variant calling.

Blood group genotyping: the power and limitations of the Hemo ID Panel and MassARRAY platform.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), is a sensitive analytical method capable of resolving DNA fragments varying in mass by a single nucleotide. MALDI-TOF MS is applicable to blood group genotyping, as the majority of blood group antigens are encoded by single nucleotide polymorphisms. Blood group genotyping by MALDI-TOF MS can be performed using a panel (Hemo ID Blood Group Genotyping Panel, Agena Bioscience Inc.