Development, reliability, and validity of the telerehabilitation satisfaction questionnaire in neurological diseases.

Background: Measuring satisfaction with telerehabilitation provides a way to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of both the technology used and the rehabilitation provided. On the other hand, valid and reliable tools are needed to evaluate satisfaction of patients receiving physiotherapy via telerehabilitation.

Aims: The purpose of the current study was to develop Telerehabilitation Satisfaction Questionnaire (TrSQ) and evaluate its validity and reliability.

Ethical Considerations for Identifying Individuals in the Prodromal/Early Phase of Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review.

The ability to identify individuals in the prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease has improved in recent years, raising the question of whether and how those affected should be informed about the risk of future disease. Several studies investigated prognostic counselling for individuals with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder and have shown that most patients want to receive information about prognosis, but autonomy and individual preferences must be respected. However, there are still many unanswered questions about risk disclosure or early diagnosis of PD, including the impact on personal circumstances, cultural preferences and specific challenges associated with different profiles of prodromal symptoms, genetic testing or biomarker assessments.

The effects of standard and modified LSVT BIG therapy protocols on balance and gait in Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Lee Silverman voice treatment (LSVT) BIG is an exercise program developed for patients with Parkinson's disease (PwPD), consisting of sets of exercises performed for 4 consecutive days a week for 4 weeks. However, the standard protocol suggests a treatment frequency difficult to follow for most patients who have difficulties reaching rehabilitation clinics. Our aim was to compare the standard LSVT BIG protocol with a modified LSVT (m-LSVT) BIG protocol (twice a week in the clinic for 4 weeks and twice a week at home for 4 weeks).

Cross-Cultural Differences in Stigma Associated with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Background: Stigma is an important social attitude affecting the quality of life (QoL) of people with Parkinson's disease (PwP, PD) as individuals within society.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to 1) identify the factors associated with stigma in PD and 2) demonstrate culture-based diversity in the stigmatization of PwP. We also reported data from the Turkish PwP, which is an underrepresented population.

Characterizing Camptocormia in Parkinson's Disease Using Muscle Ultrasonography.

Background: Camptocormia (CC) is the forward-bending of the spine of more than 30 degrees that can be found in Parkinson's disease (PD) as a disabling complication. Detection of changes in paraspinal lumbar musculature in CC is of value for choosing treatment strategies.

Objective: To investigate whether these changes can be detected using muscle ultrasonography (mUSG).

The effect of task-oriented circuit training-based telerehabilitation on upper extremity motor functions in patients with Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Upper extremity functions are impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease (PwPD), which leads to difficulties in activities of daily living (ADL), such as reaching or handwriting. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of task-oriented circuit training-based telerehabilitation (TOCT-TR) on the upper extremity motor function in PwPD.

Methods: In this randomized controlled trial (RCT) 30 PwPD (aged 45-70 years, Hoehn & Yahr stage I-III) were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups.

Intermittent Subcutaneous Injections of Apomorphine in Parkinson's Disease.

The intermittent subcutaneous injection of apomorphine is highly effective in the management of motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Although it has been shown that apomorphine injection can be safely used in selected cases at all stages of the disease, there is no consensus regarding intermittent administration strategies. This review aimed to discuss the indications for intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine use in clinical practice, possible side effects and their management, and contraindicated cases in light of the literature and to present practical recommendations for clinical practice.

Risk disclosure in prodromal Parkinson's disease - A survey of neurologists.

Introduction: In the absence of a disease-modifying treatment and prognostic uncertainty, ethics of risk disclosure in prodromal Parkinson's disease (PD) is challenging. Previous studies highlighted several facets of these challenges from the perspective of involved parties. However, to date, the view of neurologists who may encounter individuals with prodromal PD remained unrepresented.

Botulinum toxin injections in jaw-opening dystonia. The lateral pterygoid - maxillary artery problem.

It has been suggested that the variations in the trajectory of the maxillary artery (MA) near the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) play a critical role in Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections in patients with jaw-opening/deviation dystonia (JOD). In the case of a lateral course to the LPM, an extraoral injection entails risks of MA injury, pain, and hematoma. Previous reports suggest geographical differences in variations of the MA-LPM relationship.

Impaired Executive Function and Depression as Independent Risk Factors for Reported Delirium Symptoms: An Observational Cohort Study Over 8 Years.

Background: Acute medical illnesses, surgical interventions, or admissions to hospital in older individuals are frequently associated with a delirium. In this cohort study, we investigated the impact of specific cognitive domains and depression before the occurrence of delirium symptoms in an 8-year observation of older non-hospitalized individuals.

Methods: In total, we included 807 participants (48-83 years).

Screen Fast, Screen Faster: A Pilot Study to Screen for Depressive Symptoms Using the Beck Depression Inventory Fast Screen in Parkinson's Disease With Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Depressive symptoms have a high prevalence in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and are associated with cognitive dysfunction. Especially in PD with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a time-efficient and valid instrument for the assessment of depression primarily focusing on psychological symptoms and disregarding confounding somatic symptoms is needed. We performed an examination of the psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and the Beck Depression Inventory Fast Screen (BDI-FS).

Measurement of the adult human midbrain with transcranial ultrasound.

Background: Transcranial sonography is increasingly used to aid clinical diagnoses of movement disorders, for example, to identify an enlarged area of substantia nigra echogenicity in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objective: The current study investigated characteristics of the midbrain at the anatomical plane for quantification of substantia nigra echogenicity. METHODS: Area of substantia nigra echogenicity, cross-sectional area of the midbrain, and interpeduncular angle were quantified in two groups of adults aged 18-50 years: 47 healthy non-drug-using controls (control group) and 22 individuals with a history of methamphetamine use (methamphetamine group), a cohort with a high prevalence of enlarged substantia nigra echogenicity and thus risk of Parkinson's disease.

The effect of Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on verb and noun naming in Turkish-Speaking Parkinson's disease patients.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with an action language deficit. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) deteriorates verbal fluency, but may improve verb naming more than nouns in PD. We investigated effects of grammatical class (verb vs noun), action content (action vs non-action) of words and unilateral, bilateral or no stimulation on naming.

Transcranial Sonography Findings in Alzheimer's Disease: A New Imaging Biomarker.

Objective:  To validate transcranial sonography (TCS) as a novel imaging tool for the assessment of medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy (MTA).

Materials And Methods:  Participants with Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 30) and age-sex-matched controls (n = 30) underwent TCS and MRI. On TCS, MTL structures (choroidal fissure (CF) and temporal horn (TH)) were measured and combined to create an MTA score in sonography (MTA-S).

Electroencephalogram abnormalities in patients with NREM parasomnias.

Objective: Electroencephalographic (EEG) changes in patients with NREM parasomnias (NRP) occur in sleep architecture as changes in slow wave sleep or cyclic pattern, which are not considered abnormal. However, abnormalities in EEG in these patients have recently been reported, indicating that EEG patterns in NRPs are not definitive. Moreover, most of the polysomnography (PSG) findings in NRP patients were reported in the adult population requiring data from pediatric population to avoid bias in conclusion.

Third ventricular width assessed by transcranial ultrasound correlates with cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment and dementia are common in PD; however, no stable marker of cognitive dysfunction is available. Transcranial sonography can evaluate global and focal brain atrophy and has been widely used in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism.

Methods: 225 consecutive PD patients were recruited in a two-center cross sectional study and underwent a standardized sonographic protocol assessing the third ventricle's width and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity.

Biomarkers of Parkinson's disease: 20 years later.

Despite intensive effort, biomarker research for the detection of prodromal stage, diagnosis and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) falls short of expectations. This article reviews the attempts in the last 20 years to find a biomarker, addresses challenges along the biomarker search and suggests the steps that should be taken to overcome these challenges. Although several biomarkers are currently available, none of them is specific enough for diagnosis, prediction of future PD or disease progression.

Hemifacial spasm in sleep - A polysomnographic study.

Background: Polysomnography (PSG) studies in patients with facial dyskinesias are few. With regard to hemifacial spasm (HFS), one study reported the continuity of spasms during sleep which was not confirmed elsewhere using a PSG. Therefore, we sought to investigate abnormal facial movements during sleep in patients with HFS.

Serum Inflammatory Profile for the Discrimination of Clinical Subtypes in Parkinson's Disease.

Blood levels of immune markers have been proposed to discriminate patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) from controls. However, differences between clinical PD subgroups regarding these markers still need to be identified. To investigate whether clinical phenotypes can be predicted by the assessment of immune marker profiles in the serum of PD patients.