[Immunoassay of nine serological tumor markers on hydrogel-based microchip].

A prototype of test-system for simultaneous quantitative assay of nine tumor markers in blood serum was developed. The main constituent of the test-system is OM-9 biochip containing immobilized antibodies against nine oncomarkers: α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), prostate-specific antigen, total (PSAtot) and free (PSAfree) forms, neuron-specific enolase (NSE). The biochip-based assay procedure for carrying out simultaneous quantitative determination of nine tumor markers in patient's blood serum: two-steps sandwich-immunoassay, was proposed.

[The substantiation of the mathematical model of the process of postmortem spin probe recovery for the ascertainment of the time of death].

The authors report the results of the application of various mathematical models simulating postmortem changes in the vitreous body detected by the method with the use of spin probes of electron-paramagnetic resonance. An original mathematical model was developed based on the Mathematics-7 software package. The data obtained suggest the possibility of using it for expert diagnostics of prescription of death coming.

[Assessment of rate of infection with agents of bacterial infections in ticks captured on one of the Moscow park terrains].

Aim: To study the rate of infection of ticks captured one of the Moscow park terrains with bacteria (agents of tick borreliosis and anaplasmosis).

Materials And Methods: Rates of infection of dried ticks with agents of main tick-borne bacterial infections (tick borreliosis and anaplasmosis) were determined by nested PCR.

Results: In May-June 2006, 76 ticks (40 adult females, 36 adult, males) belonged to Ixodes ricinus species were captured by the method "on flag".

Oral opioid administration and hyperalgesia in patients with cancer or chronic nonmalignant pain.

Aims: Previous research has reported on reduced paw withdrawal latencies to heat and mechanical stimuli after parenteral administration of opioids in animals and on increased pain sensitivity in humans subsequent to postoperative infusions of short-acting opioids or in drug addicts. The aim of the present study was to explore the possibility that oral opioid treated patients with cancer-related or chronic nonmalignant pain differ in their pain sensitivity from patients treated with non-opioid analgesics.

Methods: The study population consisted of 224 patients, including 142 in the opioid-treated group and 82 in the non-opioid-treated group.

[Development of quantitative immunoenzyme and radioimmunologic analysis of lambda-free immunoglobulin light chains].

New quantitative techniques of radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were developed for determination of free light lambda-chains of immunoglobulins (immunometric sandwich-like variants) in biological fluids using two types of monoclonal specific antibodies (MAB-1 and MAB-2) to different epitopes of the antigen molecule: MAB-1 were immobilized on a solid phase (polystyrene beads), whereas MAB-2 were labeled with iodine or with the enzyme. The test systems prepared can be used for determination of concentrations from 25 to 1000 ng/ml, are very sensitive (25 ng/ml), and the analysis time is 5 h. The two methods were compared, and their clinical and diagnostic validity was evaluated in patients with various diseases associated with disorders in the antibody synthesis by the immune system.

[Comparative study of the diagnostic value of new cholera eltor bacteriophages ctx+, ctx-, and KhDF-3, 4, and 5].

The comparative evaluation of the diagnostic value of new cholera eltor bacteriophages ctx+ and ctx-, as well as monophages X[symbol: see text]-3, 4, 5, demonstrated their high activity and specificity. Using of these bacteriophages epidemic potential of 95% Vibrio cholerae eltor strains ctx+ and 84.5% of V.

[Antigliadin antibodies in the absence of celiac disease].

Antigliadin antibodies (AGA) mark celiac disease, but AGA are also encountered in IgA-nephritis, psoriasis, sickle-cell anemia, hepatic disorders, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune thyroidism and in persons who occupationally contact great amounts of wheat. AGA IgA and/or IgG were registered in 19 of 60 subjects (51 adults and 9 children) with various immunomediated diseases without symptoms of celiac disease: in 4 cases of chronic active hepatitis, in 2 of 4 cases of chronic persistent hepatitis, in 4 of 16 cases of rheumatoid arthritis, in 3 of 19 cases of IgA-deficiency, in 1 of 8 cases of SLE, in 2 cases of postvaccine reaction, in all the single cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, focal scleroderma, macroglobulinemia. IgA only occurred in in 6 patients, IgG- in 6 patients, both IgA and IgG in 7 patients.

[The evaluation of the ratio of free and total serum prostate-specific antigen as an additional method in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer].

The conventional method of prostatic cancer monitoring by determination of serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) was compared to the method of free-to-total PSA correlation. The latter proved more informative concerning prostatic cancer.

[Establishing the time of death by the constant of the reaction rate of spin-label reduction].

The rate of the spin probe reduction by tongue homogenates was measured on postmortem days 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 105, 135, 150, 165, 180, 195, 210, 225, and 240 in order to evaluate the possibility of determining the time of death by this test. The constant of the rate of phenol probe reduction by tongue homogenates was used as the diagnostic sign of the time elapsed since death. The results indicate that using this parameter, the time of death may be determined within the period from 4 to 8 months postmortem.

[Monoclonal free light-chain immunoglobulins: their clinical interpretation].

23 cases of free light chains (FLC) occurrence in the blood and/or urine in the absence of monoclonal gammopathy are reported. Of them 15 cases were attributed to renal diseases associated with deranged catabolism of low-molecular proteins including FLC. In the rest cases FLC hyperproduction in autoimmune diseases was suspected to cause FLC appearance.

[The determination of the optimal inoculation dose of an oral cholera bivalent chemical vaccine in a controlled trial of the vaccination of children and adolescents].

The reactogenicity and immunological effectiveness of different doses of cholera vaccine for oral administration (in tablets), containing choleragen toxoid, Ogawa and Inaba O-antigens and some of Vibrio cholerae exoenzymes, have been tested on 143 children aged 2-17 years. In this investigation the optimum immunization doses of the preparation have been established: two tablets containing 100,000 binding units (BU) of the toxoid and 2,500 units of O-antigen for children 11-14 years; four tablets containing 200,000 BU of the toxoid and 5,000 units of O-antigen for adolescents aged 15-17 years. An essential advantage of the oral vaccine over vaccines intended for parenteral administration lies in its capacity for inducing the accumulation of secretory antibodies (coproantibodies) in practically all vaccinees.

[A course on medical technology for future physicians].

It is suggested that senior-course medical students be trained in the use of the most popular medical devices and equipment intended for functional diagnosis and treatment and that a specialized course including lectures, methodological aids and specialized practice in medical equipment be organized.

[The characteristics of the reactogenicity and immunological activity of a new cholera bivalent chemical vaccine based on the results of controlled trials].

The reactogenic properties and immunological potency of modified cholera chemical vaccine (choleragen-toxoid + O-antigens Inaba and Ogawa) were tested in 278 volunteers aged 18 years and over in comparison with those of a commercial batch of monovalent cholera vaccine (choleragen-toxoid + O-antigen Inaba). The cholera vaccine, enriched with O-antigen Ogawa, was found to be safe; vaccination with this vaccine was not accompanied by the development of systemic and local reactions whose frequency and intensity met the requirements for the reactogenic properties of commercial cholera vaccine. The immunological potency of the bivalent vaccine with respect to strain Inaba was not inferior to that of the commercial vaccine; at the same time in persons immunized with the new preparation the titers of vibriocidal antibodies to strain of serovar Inaba were five-fold higher.

[The determination of the optimal inoculation dose of an oral cholera chemical bivalent vaccine in a controlled experiment].

276 volunteers aged 19 years and over were placed under observation in the course of the trial of oral cholera vaccine in tablets, containing choleragen toxoid, O-antigens of serovars Inaba and Ogawa and a number of Vibrio cholerae exoenzymes, for safety, reactogenic properties and immunological effectiveness. The vaccine was found to produce no reactions in a dose of 1-4 tablets; the administration of 3 tablets (300,000 binding units of the toxoid and 10,000 units of O-antigens, serovars Inaba and Ogawa) was shown to induce the most intensive synthesis of both antitoxins and vibriocidal antibodies in the blood sera of volunteers, as well as IgA coproantibodies. The oral vaccine was found to have an advantage over parenteral vaccines due to the absence of reactogenic properties and the formation of local immunity: coproantibodies appeared in 80% and 9% of the vaccinees respectively.

[Changes in the levels of serum proteins in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis].

A new approach is suggested for evaluation of changes observed in serum levels of immunoglobulins, compliment components and proteinase inhibitors in subjects suffering from chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB). These levels were compared for COB patients (n-15) in remission and under aggravation of the disease. The comparison promoted a significant assessment of the shifts and their pattern for humoral defence factors.

[A possible variant of a false diagnosis of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus].

The authors describe a patient who demonstrated positive blood responsiveness to the nuclear antigens of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (p17, p31 and p55), observed steadily for 1 year and 4 months. The donor's disease history consideration made it impossible to include him in one of the known groups at risk for HIV infection whereas the lack of any changes in immunoblotting enabled one to exclude the diagnosis of HIV infection. The given case and other similar cases form the basis for introducing the second parallel screening during blood testing for HIV infection to bar the use of such blood for transfusion.

[Atopic dermatitis. IV. The role of proteinase inhibitors in the pathogenesis, assessment of the severity and the prognosis of the disease].

Examinations of 59 patients with atopic dermatitis have revealed increased content of the major inhibitors of proteinases, a relationship between the patients' age and alpha 2-macroglobulin level in both the patients and the reference group normal subjects. Detection of correlations between alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and serum IgE as well as between C1 inactivator and C3c have lead to a supposition on the contribution of proteinase inhibitors in the modulation of immune reactions. Clinical features of atopic dermatitis in alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency and in various blood serum IgE levels are discussed.

[Atopic dermatitis. II. The status of complement proteins and the pathogenetic role of anaphylatoxins C4a, C3a and C5a].

Eighty-eight patients with atopic dermatitis have been examined for the complementary proteins C3 (C3c), C3act., C4, C1inact. by radial immunodiffusion; in 36 of these patients anaphylatoxins C3a des Arg, C5a des Arg, and C4a des Arg have been radioimmunoassayed.

[Atopic dermatitis. I. Characteristics of the clinical course and state of the immune status in relation to the initial level of serum IgE].

Altogether 97 patients with atopic dermatitis have been examined to follow this relationship, 72 patients presented with disseminated efflorescence, 25 patients with local rash. Measurements of immunoglobulins A, M, G, and D, of the C3c complement components, of the total and allergen-specific IgE C4, inactivators have been carried out, as well as of the total lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, and CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations; the lymphocyte response to ConA mitogenic stimulation has been also under study. The patients with normal and elevated levels of IgE differed by the clinical picture of the disease and by case histories, as well as by the immunity parameters and by the results of zaditen therapy.