Diversity analysis of livestock-associated nasal strains between animal and humans.

Background: has emerged as a major public health concern. It is a common pathogen in animal and human medicine.

Aim: Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) was used to fingerprint 10 strains of obtained from nasal swabs in domesticated animals and humans to ascertain how comparable the different strains' genetic makeup was.

First study on molecular epidemiology of caseous lymphadenitis in slaughtered sheep and goats in Duhok Province, Iraq.

Background: Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a chronic suppurative bacterial infection caused by () affecting superficial and internal lymph nodes and internal organs of small ruminants.

Aims: Through the use of molecular methods, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CLA and its contributing factors as well as the degree of genetic diversity and epidemiological relationships among isolates from slaughtered sheep and goats in various districts of Duhok Province, Iraq.

Methods: A total of 18,836 carcasses (15,775 sheep and 3,061 goats) were inspected by veterinarians at slaughterhouses [Duhok-Sumel (2,453 sheep + 627 goats), Zakho (6,000 sheep), Bardarash (1,117 sheep + 379 goats), Amedi (413 sheep + 178 goats) and Akre (5,792 sheep + 1,877 goats)] in Duhok Province for detection the prevalence rate of CLA using molecular techniques.