Involvement of γ-Aminobutyric Acid and N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptors in Diabetic Gastropathy in Rats: Possible Beneficial Effect of Prolonged Treatment with Insulin and Magnesium Supplement.

Gastrointestinal dysfunction is a severe and common complication in diabetic patients. Some evidence shows that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate contribute to diabetic gastrointestinal abnormalities. Therefore, we examined the impact of prolonged treatment with insulin and magnesium supplements on the expression pattern of GABA type A (GABA-A), GABA-B, and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors as well as nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS-1) in the stomach of type 2 diabetic rats.

Predictive utility of artificial intelligence on schizophrenia treatment outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Identifying optimal treatment approaches for schizophrenia is challenging due to varying symptomatology and treatment responses. Artificial intelligence (AI) shows promise in predicting outcomes, prompting this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate various AI models' predictive utilities in schizophrenia treatment. A systematic search was conducted, and the risk of bias was evaluated.

Investigating Functional and Folding Stability of an Engineered L-asparaginase Harboring Y176F/S241C Mutations.

Purpose: L-asparaginase has been widely recognized as a critical component in the treatment of various types of lymphoproliferative disorders, since its introduction in 1960s. However, its use in some cases leads to allergic reactions rendering the continuation of treatment unfeasible. Thus, the development of L-asparaginase from alternative sources or the production of engineered enzymes have always been considered.

Enhancement of paclitaxel production by Neopestalotiopsis vitis via optimization of growth conditions.

Accessibility of paclitaxel and other taxoids from natural resources is restricted. Endophytic fungi are novel, rapidly growing resources for producing these compounds. Neopestalotiopsis vitis (N.

Long-term GABA Supplementation Regulates Diabetic Gastroenteropathy through GABA Receptor/trypsin-1/PARs/Akt/COX-2 Axis.

Aim: Molecular alterations of diabetic gastroenteropathy are poorly identified. This study investigates the effects of prolonged GABA supplementation on key protein expression levels of trypsin-1, PAR-1, PAR-2, PAR-3, PI3K, Akt, COX-2, GABAA, and GABAB receptors in the gastric tissue of type 2 diabetic rats (T2DM).

Method: To induce T2DM, a 3-month high-fat diet and 35 mg/kg of streptozotocin was used.

Biomimetic Scaffolds for Regeneration of Temporomandibular Joint Disc: A Narrative Review.

Defects and dysfunctions of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc are responsible for the majority of TMJ diseases. Current treatments in this matter are usually short-term and only palliative, thus an alternative treatment that offers long-lasting repair is in great demand. In recent years great attempts have been made to prepare an ideal scaffold, which best resembles the native TMJ disc in characteristics such as mechanical, physical and biological properties.

Optimization of the fermentation media, mathematical modeling, and enhancement of paclitaxel production by Alternaria alternata after elicitation with pectin.

Alternaria alternata fungus is a potent paclitaxel producer isolated from Corylus avellana. The major challenge is the lack of optimized media for endophytic fungi productivity. In the effort to maximize the production of taxoids by A.

Expression and Biological Evaluation of an Engineered Recombinant L-asparaginase Designed by Method Based on Sequence of the Enzyme from .

Purpose: Medical usage of L-asparaginase (ASNase), the first-line of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment, is linked to allergic responses and toxicities, which necessitates the development of new bio-better ASNases. The aim of the current study was design of a novel ASNase with predicted improved enzymatic properties using strategies encompassing sequence-function analysis of known ASNase mutants. Additionally, current study aimed to show that the new enzyme is active.

The effects of aerobic exercise on liver function, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles in prediabetic and type 2 diabetic mice.

Background And Aims: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the expression of gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance key genes; including insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1), a serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt), forkhead box class-O 1 (FoxO1) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck) genes, and lipid profiles following either a standard or a high-fat diet (HFD) and either an aerobic exercise or non-exercise intervention in prediabetic and type 2 diabetic (T2DM) mice.

Methods: 24 male mice were randomly assigned to two groups fed with a normal diet (ND) or a HFD for 12 weeks. The mice in each group were again randomly assigned to two groups to create four groups in total: 1.

Using chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, and gelatin-based smart biological hydrogels for drug delivery in oral mucosal lesions: A review.

Aims: Oral mucosal diseases can lead to pain, difficulty speaking and eating, psychological distress, and cancer. Topical drug delivery using biological macromolecules, specifically hydrogels, is gaining interest due to the drawbacks of conventional treatments for oral mucosal lesions.

Scope: Biological hydrogels made from natural polymers and their derivatives, such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, and gelatin, represent promising alternatives to conventional oral medication delivery methods.

Psychometric evaluation of Persian version of medical artificial intelligence readiness scale for medical students.

Background: Artificial intelligence's advancement in medicine and its worldwide implementation will be one of the main elements of medical education in the coming years. This study aimed to translate and psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the medical artificial intelligence readiness scale for medical students.

Methods: The questionnaire was translated according to a backward-forward translation procedure.

Changes in Protease-Activated Receptor and Trypsin-1 Expression Are Involved in the Therapeutic Effect of Mg Supplementation in Type 2 Diabetes-Induced Gastric Injury in Male Adult Rats.

Purpose: Gastric inflammation is common and usually severe in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Evidence suggests protease-activated receptors (PARs) are a link between inflammation and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Given that magnesium (Mg) deficiency is a highly prevalent condition in T2DM patients, we assessed the therapeutic role of Mg on the factors involved in gastric inflammation in T2DM.

Impact of magnesium sulfate therapy in improvement of renal functions in high fat diet-induced diabetic rats and their offspring.

The role of magnesium sulfate (MgSO) administration to prevent diabetic nephropathy (DN) by reducing insulin resistance (IR) and the relationship of this action with gender and the expression of NOX4 and ICAM1 genes in the parents and their offspring were studied. Males and females rat, and their pups were used. Type 2 diabetes induced by high-fat diet (HFD) administration and a low dose of streptozotocin.

Effects of Methanolic Extract on Early Stages of Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colon Carcinoma in Rats: Apoptosis Pathway Approach.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers, worldwide. The present study aimed to examine the effects of (SO) methanolic extract on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced colon cancer model in the Wistar rats. The animals administered DMH (40 mg/kg/S.

Investigation of Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties of Ni-Co and MWCNT Nanocomposites.

Background: In recent years, severe electromagnetic interference among electronic devices has been caused by the unprecedented growth of communication systems. Therefore, microwave absorbing materials are required to relieve these problems by absorbing the unwanted microwave. In the design of microwave absorbers, magnetic nanomaterials have to be used as fine particles dispersed in an insulating matrix.

Tim-3 and PD-1 blocking cannot restore the functional properties of natural killer cells in early clinical stages of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: An study.

Background: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) are two major immune checkpoint receptors expressed on immune cells and their expression is related to the exhaustion phenotype. In the present in vitro study, blocking of PD-1 and Tim-3 molecules was performed on isolated natural killer (NK) cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to restore their functional properties.

Materials And Methods: NK cells fraction was positively isolated from fresh peripheral blood of 18 CLL patients, treated with anti-PD-1 and anti-Tim-3 blocking monoclonal antibodies and co-cultured with K562 target cells to evaluate their apoptosis induction by Annexin V-PI method.

Tangent nonlinear equation in context of fractal fractional operators with nonsingular kernel.

In this manuscript, we investigate the approximate solutions to the tangent nonlinear packaging equation in the context of fractional calculus. It is an important equation because shock and vibrations are unavoidable circumstances for the packaged goods during transport from production plants to the consumer. We consider the fractal fractional Caputo operator and Atangana-Baleanu fractal fractional operator with nonsingular kernel to obtain the numerical consequences.

Long-term GABA administration improves FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 mRNA expressions in the skeletal muscle and serum irisin levels in chronic type 2 diabetic rats.

In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the anti-diabetic effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and insulin can be mediated through the regulation of gene expression related to irisin production and mitochondrial biogenesis in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) rats. Four groups (n = 6) were used in this study: control, T2DM, T2DM + insulin, and T2DM + GABA groups. After T2DM induction for 3 months (high-fat diet + 35 mg/kg streptozotocin) and treatment with GABA or insulin for 3 months, circulating levels of FBG, triglyceride, LDL, Ox-LDL, and insulin as well as hepatic and serum irisin levels were measured.

Beneficial effects of MgSO on TFAM, UPC3 and FNDC5 mRNA expressions in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats: a possible mechanism to improve insulin resistance.

Background: Hypomagnesemia has been associated with development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. Irisin has beneficial effects on glucose uptake and improves hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term treatment of MgSO and insulin on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, serum and hepatic irisin levels, skeletal muscle gene expression of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in T2DM rats.

Insulin resistance and the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid.

Insulin resistance (IR) is mentioned to be a disorder in insulin ability in insulin-target tissues. Skeletal muscle (SkM) and liver function are more affected by IR than other insulin target cells. SkM is the main site for the consumption of ingested glucose.

Magnesium sulfate improves insulin resistance in high fat diet induced diabetic parents and their offspring.

In the present study, first, the role of high-fat diet (HFD) in insulin resistance (IR) in offspring with diabetic and non-diabetic parents, and then the effect of magnesium sulfate (Mg) administration on improved IR in HFD diabetic parents, and their offspring were investigated. Induction of diabetes was carried out by eating HFD and a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic rats were divided into three groups: diabetic control (DC), insulin, and Mg-treated (Mg).

Gamma-aminobutyric acid attenuates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients and reduces the risk of insulin resistance in their offspring.

The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in attenuates insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients and the reduction of the risk of IR in their offspring, and the function of GLUT4, IRS1 and Akt2 genes expression were investigated. T2D was induced by high fat diet and 35 mg/kg of streptozotocin. The male and female diabetic rats were then divided into three groups: CD, GABA, and insulin.

Ultrasound elastography using shear wave interference patterns: a finite element study of affecting factors.

Elastography as one of the non-invasive medical imaging techniques which can help determine the stiffness of organs and other structures is currently attracting more attention. An interesting imaging rate-independent technique which has been discussed in literature uses shear wave interference patterns (SWIP). In this method, two external continuous harmonic vibration sources were used to induced SWIP and the resulting tissue displacements are mapped using ultrasonic imaging called sonoelastography.

Apoptosis and immunophenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes in Iranian COVID-19 patients: Clinical and laboratory characteristics.

A novel member of human coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been recently recognized in China and rapidly spread worldwide. Studies showed the decreasing of peripheral blood lymphocytes in a majority of patients. In this study, we have reported the clinical features, laboratory characteristics, the frequency of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations, and their apoptosis pattern in Iranian coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) patients.