Background: The North American consensus guidelines recommend a weight-based administered activity for renal cortical scintigraphy with Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA; 1.85 MBq/kg or 0.05 mCi/kg).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTc-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (Tc-DMSA) imaging is a well-established and highly sensitive method for the diagnosis of several renal cortical disorders affecting children and adults. Beginning in 2014, Tc-DMSA availability was severely impaired when it was added to the Drug Shortages List of the U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA 76-year-old man with castration-resistant prostate cancer underwent 68 Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT for restaging. A large PSMA-avid tumor with invasion to adjacent organs was noted causing gross hematuria and symptomatic anemia. Two cycles of 177 Lu-PSMA were administered, and the patient showed significant reduction of hematuria as well as declining in PSA levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA 35-year-old woman with history of breast cancer was referred to our department for restaging by F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan. Aside from multiple other FDG-avid metastatic lesions, a segmental increased FDG uptake was visualized along the asymmetrically thicker left first sacral nerve root, highly concerning for metastatic disease, which was confirmed by the subsequently performed magnetic resonance imaging. Our case highlights the capability of FDG PET/CT scan in the correct diagnosis of the extremely rare phenomenon of nerve root metastasis as well as the importance of differentiating FDG-avid lumbosacral nerve roots from adjacent skeletal metastases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVarious radiopharmaceuticals are available for imaging pediatric patients in the acute care setting. This article focuses on the common applications used on a pediatric patient in acute care. To confirm the clinical diagnosis of brain death, brain scintigraphy is considered accurate and has been favorably compared with other methods of detecting the presence or absence of cerebral blood flow.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Endocrinol (Lausanne)
March 2023
Objective: In type 1 diabetes, risk factors associated with impaired bone health contribute to increased risk of fracture. The aim of this study was to (1): compare the high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) parameters of young adults with type 1 diabetes with those of healthy controls (2), identify sex differences, and (3) evaluate the association between diabetes and bone health risk factors, with HR-pQCT.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in young Canadian adults with childhood onset type 1 diabetes.
In children, adolescents, and young adults (CAYA), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is characterized by various age-related dissimilarities in tumor aggressiveness, prevailing pathologic subtypes, and imaging features, as well as potentially different treatment outcomes. Understanding the imaging spectrum of NHL in CAYA with particular attention to children and adolescents is critical for radiologists to support the clinical decision making by the treating physicians and other health care practitioners. The authors discuss the currently performed imaging modalities including radiography, US, CT, MRI, and PET in the diagnosis, staging, and assessment of the treatment response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA 59-year-old prostate cancer patient, status post radical prostatectomy, was referred to our department for restaging with 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT scan. Aside multiple metastatic lesions involving pelvic lymph nodes as well as the right femoral trochanter, a PSMA-positive rectal wall thickening was detected. Colonoscopy correlation and tissue diagnosis, recommended to rule out accompanying primary malignancy, confirmed the presence of rectal adenocarcinoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNuclear medicine offers several diagnostic scans for the evaluation of congenital and acquired conditions of the kidneys and urinary track in children. Tc-99m-MAG 3 diuretic renal scans are most commonly used in the evaluation and follow up of urinary track dilatations. They provide functional information on the differential renal function and on drainage quality which is allows distinction between obstructed and non-obstructed kidneys and the need for surgical correction vs conservative management in kidneys with impaired drainage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorldwide, peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the preferred renal replacement therapy option for children with end-stage renal disease who are awaiting transplantation. PD involves the instillation of a specifically formulated solution into the peritoneal cavity via a PD catheter, with two-way exchange of solutes and waste products along a concentration gradient. This exchange occurs across the peritoneal membrane.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA 52-year-old woman with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma underwent imaging with 18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT, which demonstrated malignancy recurrence in the surgical bed with multiple metastatic lesions, more extensive on 68Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT. The patient was a candidate for therapy with 177Lu-FAPI-46 due to high uptake of lesions in 68Ga-FAPI-46 images and no other available therapeutic option. Posttreatment 177Lu-FAPI-46 scans showed rather rapid washout of the radiopharmaceutical from tumoral lesions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Respir Crit Care Med
April 2022
Mucin homeostasis is fundamental to airway health. Upregulation of airway mucus glycoprotein MUC5B is observed in diverse common lung diseases and represents a potential therapeutic target. In mice, Muc5b is required for mucociliary clearance and for controlling inflammation after microbial exposure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Meta-iodobenzylguanidine(MIBG) scans are used to detect neuroblastoma metastatic lesions at diagnosis and during posttreatment surveillance. MIBG positivity following induction chemotherapy correlates with poor outcome; however, there are reports of patients with progression-free survival despite MIBG positivity at the end of therapy. The factors distinguishing these survivors from patients who progress or relapse are unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Peripheral-quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) provides an intriguing diagnostic alternative to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) since it can measure 3D bone geometry and differentiate between the cortical and trabecular bone compartments.
Objective: To investigate and summarize the methods of pQCT image acquisition of in children, adolescents and/or young adults (up to age 20) and to aggregate the published normative pQCT data.
Evidence Acquisition: A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE from 1947 to December 2020.
Theranostics combines diagnosis and targeted therapy, achieved by the use of the same or similar molecules labeled with different radiopharmaceuticals or identical with different dosages. One of the best examples is the use of metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). In the management of neuroblastoma-the most common extracranial solid tumor in children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Recent evidence has demonstrated high expression of somatostatin receptors in neuroblastoma (NB) cells. Because of this, we endeavored to evaluate the diagnostic performance and clinical efficacy of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) using 177Lu-DOTATATE combined with chemotherapy in pediatric NB patients.
Patients And Methods: In total, 14 pediatric patients with histopathologically confirmed NB underwent 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT.
MCTO is a rare disorder, caused by mutations in the gene, a negative regulator of receptor activator of nuclear factor-кB ligand (RANKL). Manifestations include carpal and tarsal osteolysis and renal failure. Pathophysiology is poorly understood, and no effective treatment is available.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPREAMBLEThe Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI) is an international scientific and professional organization founded in 1954 to promote the science, technology, and practical application of nuclear medicine. The European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) is a professional nonprofit medical association founded in 1985 to facilitate communication worldwide among individuals pursuing clinical and academic excellence in nuclear medicine. SNMMI and EANM members are physicians, technologists, and scientists specializing in the research and practice of nuclear medicine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare in childhood. Neuroblastoma is the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor, occurring >90% in children younger than 5 years of age. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are rare NETs, causing hypertension in 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNon-neurogenic urinary and fecal incontinence (UI, FI) affects approximately 6% of North American children with 1% of cases becoming refractory (nonresponsive to standard therapies). Incontinence has major potential long-term physiological and psychological implications for patients and their families. While Sacral Neuromodulation (SNM) and Transcutaneous Nerve Stimulation (TENS) are alternative therapies available for the treatment of refractory UI/FI, these are not approved for use in children in Canada.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAccurate staging and treatment planning are imperative for precise management in Anal Cancer (ACa) patients. We aimed to evaluate the additive and prognostic value of pre-treatment 2-[F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (2-[F]FDG PET/CT) in the staging and management of ACa compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This retrospective study was conducted on 54 patients.
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