The Relationship between Croup and Gastroesophageal Reflux: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The mechanism by which recurrent croup occurs is unknown. Gastroesophageal reflux is commonly implicated, although this relationship is only loosely documented. We conducted a systematic review with a meta-analysis component to evaluate the relationship between recurrent croup and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and to assess for evidence of improvement in croup symptoms when treated.

Risk Stratification for Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

Objectives Venous thromboembolism (VTE) contributes to significant patient morbidity, yet the incidence of VTE following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is unknown. Quality improvement criteria are prompting increased standardization of perioperative VTE prophylaxis. Risk stratification for VTE may better define best practice measures to balance limiting VTE development with avoiding unnecessary chemoprophylaxis.

Barosinusitis: Comprehensive review and proposed new classification system.

Background: Barosinusitis, or sinus barotrauma, may arise from changes in ambient pressure that are not compensated by force equalization mechanisms within the paranasal sinuses. Barosinusitis is most commonly seen with barometric changes during flight or diving. Understanding and better classifying the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of barosinusitis are essential to improve patient care.

Repair of Lateral Wall Insufficiency.

Importance: Lateral wall insufficiency (LWI) is classified by the zone in which it occurs. Multiple techniques for treating LWI are described in the literature and are used, but no treatment approach has been widely adopted.

Objective: To establish an algorithm for treatment of LWI by evaluating subjective and objective outcomes of patients who underwent LWI repair and comparing these results with those of a control group who received no specific LWI repair.

Safety analysis of long-term budesonide nasal irrigations in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis post endoscopic sinus surgery.

Background: Although the safety of topical nasal steroids is well established for nasal spray forms, data regarding the safety of steroid irrigations is limited. We studied the effect of long-term budesonide nasal irrigations (>6 months) on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) function and intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients post-endoscopic sinus surgery.

Methods: This was retrospective case series.

Indications and outcomes for Draf IIB frontal sinus surgery.

Background: Extended frontal surgery techniques are often required when maximal medical therapy and standard endoscopic surgical approaches fail in patients. Although outcomes of the Draf III (modified Lothrop) procedure have been widely reported, postoperative outcomes and indications for the Draf IIB frontal sinusotomy have been relatively underreported. We presented our institution's experience with the Draf IIB procedure.

Inferior alveolar nerve hemangioma.

A 14-year-old male presented with lower lip numbness and a slowly enlarging mandibular mass. Computed tomography demonstrated an expansile lesion centered in the marrow space of the left mandibular body, extending along the course of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), and expanding the mental foramen. Preoperative diagnosis was consistent with an IAN schwannoma.

Anatomic relationship of nasolacrimal duct and major lateral wall landmarks: cadaveric study with surgical implications.

Background: Detailed knowledge of the surgical anatomic landmarks of the lateral nasal wall is important for safe and successful endoscopic sinonasal surgery. We sought to determine the relationship of major landmarks to the nasolacrimal duct (NLD).

Methods: Twenty mid-sagittal head sections of 10 fresh frozen cadavers were studied after removal of the nasal septum.

Modification of the Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scoring system improves its reliability and correlation with patient-reported outcome measures.

Objectives/hypothesis: To compare three existing endoscopic scoring systems and a newly proposed modified scoring system for the assessment of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Study Design: Blinded, prospective cohort study.

Methods: CRS patients completed two patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)-the visual analogue scale (VAS) symptom score and the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22)-and then underwent a standardized, recorded sinonasal endoscopy.

Endoscopic hydroxyapatite augmentation for patulous Eustachian tube.

Objectives/hypothesis: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic calcium hydroxyapatite injection in patients with patulous Eustachian tube.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: Fourteen patients diagnosed with patulous Eustachian tube (PET) underwent endoscopic hydroxyapatite injection under general anesthesia.

Mucocele formation under pedicled nasoseptal flap.

The pedicled nasoseptal flap has become an indispensible tool for the reconstruction of skull base defects. This flap is easily harvested, provides a large surface area of vascularized tissue, and has few reported complications. We describe the case of a 60-year-old man who underwent endoscopic, endonasal transsphenoidal surgery with septal flap reconstruction who developed a sphenoid sinus mucocele postoperatively.

Deep neck infections: a retrospective review of 112 cases.

The purpose of this study was to review our recent experience with deep neck infections and compare it to the experiences in the available literature. A total number of 112 charts of patients treated for deep neck infections at the department of otolaryngology of our hospital between August 1996 and September 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. All the relevant clinical charts including presentation, origin and site of deep neck infection, radiological, and bacteriological studies and interventions along with demographic profile, details of hospital stay, and outcomes were evaluated.