Concomitant anterior urethral valve, distal urethral diverticulum and posterior urethral valve with five-year follow up; A case report and literature review.

Concomitant anterior urethral valve and diverticulum (AUVD) and posterior urethral valve (PUV) is an extremely uncommon congenital anomaly that causes infra-vesical obstruction. We present our experience with one case of concomitant AUVD and PUV as well as the related literature review. Early diagnosis and successful management of these anomalies can improve renal function and prevents recurrent urinary tract infections and subsequent renal failure.

Whole organ sheep kidney tissue engineering and in vivo transplantation: Effects of perfusion-based decellularization on vascular integrity.

Introduction: During the past decade, increased efforts have been made to develop alternative management options instead of dialysis and homograft renal transplantation for end-stage renal disease. State-of-the-art methods employ tissue engineering to produce natural acellular scaffolds that could resolve the concern of allograft rejection and obviate the need for immunosuppressive therapy. Complete decellularization of kidney with intact extracellular matrix is crucial for in vivo compatibility and success of transplantation.

Virtual Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Fetal Cystoscopy: A Novel Modality for Precise in Utero Evaluation of Urinary Tract.

Urogenital anomalies are the most prevalent anomalies detected during pregnancy. Timely detection of these conditions could facilitate proper post-natal management and improve outcomes. In some cases, precise delineation of fetal urinary tract utilizing ultrasonography is not feasible.