Finite element analysis of patient-specific additive-manufactured implants.

Bone tumors, characterized by diverse locations and shapes, often necessitate surgical excision followed by custom implant placement to facilitate targeted bone reconstruction. Leveraging additive manufacturing, patient-specific implants can be precisely tailored with complex geometries and desired stiffness, enhancing their suitability for bone ingrowth. In this work, a finite element model is employed to assess patient-specific lattice implants in femur bones.

Reducing the prosthesis modulus by inclusion of an open space lattice improves osteogenic response in a sheep model of extraarticular defect.

Stress shielding is a common complication following endoprosthetic reconstruction surgery. The resulting periprosthetic osteopenia often manifests as catastrophic fractures and can significantly limit future treatment options. It has been long known that bone plates with lower elastic moduli are key to reducing the risk of stress shielding in orthopedics.

A customized 3D-printed histological microgrinder for the study of metallic endoprostheses.

Use of histology is the key when evaluation of bone and soft tissue integration of any implanted metallic prosthesis is required. This relies on the ability to prepare very thin sections by grinding down resin embedded samples. Manual grinding has historically been used with variable success, and thus, a number of commercial microgrinders have been previously marketed, however, at a significant cost.

Effect of a protease-activated receptor-2 antagonist (GB88) on inflammation-related loss of alveolar bone in periodontal disease.

Background And Objective: Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR ), a pro-inflammatory G-protein coupled receptor, has been associated with pathogenesis of periodontitis and the resulting bone loss caused by oral pathogens, including the keystone pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). We hypothesised that administration of a PAR antagonist, GB88, might prevent inflammation and subsequent alveolar bone resorption in a mouse model of periodontal disease.

Protease-activated receptor-2 dependent and independent responses of bone cells to prostate cancer cell secretory products.

Background: Metastatic prostate cancer lesions in the skeleton are frequently characterized by excessive formation of bone. Prostate cancer cells secrete factors, including serine proteases, that are capable of influencing the behavior of surrounding cells. Some of these proteases activate protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR ), which is expressed by osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) and precursors of osteoclasts (bone-resorbing cells).

Evaluation of Osteogenic Potentials of Avian Demineralized Bone Matrix in the Healing of Osseous Defects in Pigeons.

Objectives: To evaluate avian allogeneic demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in the healing of long bone defects as a function of geometry and time in a pigeon model.

Study Design: Experimental.

Animals: Adult rock pigeons (n = 60).

Intramedullary cement osteosynthesis (IMCO): a pilot study in sheep.

The application of bone substitutes and cements has a long standing history in augmenting fractures as a complement to routine fracture fixation techniques. Nevertheless, such use is almost always in conjunction with definite means of fracture fixation such as intramedullary pins or bone plates. The idea of using biomaterials as the primary fixation bears the possibility of simultaneous fixation and bone enhancement.

Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of avian demineralized bone matrix in heterotopic beds.

Objective: To evaluate the osteogenic potential of avian demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in the context of implant geometry.

Study Design: Experimental.

Animals: Rock pigeons (n = 24).

Heterotopic implantation of autologous bone marrow in rock pigeons (Columba livia): possible applications in avian bone grafting.

Autologous bone marrow, alone or as a composite marrow graft, has received much attention in various species. To assess the potential osteogenicity of autologous, extramedullary bone marrow implants in an avian model, 24 adult pigeons (Columba livia) were given intramuscular implantations of autologous marrow aspirated from the medial tibiotarsus. Birds were euthanatized at 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after surgery to evaluate whether ectopic bone had formed at the implant sites.