Assessing drinking water quality based on water quality indices, human health risk, and burden of disease attributable to heavy metals in rural communities of Yazd County, Iran, 2015-2021.

The water quality indices, health risk, and burden of disease attributable to heavy metals in rural communities of Yazd County, Iran during 2015-2021 were studied. The drinking water quality index (DWQI) based on 27 parameters (including heavy metals) and heavy metal pollution index (HPI) were used for assessing drinking water quality. The health risk and burden of disease from heavy metals in drinking water were estimated in terms of hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), and disability-adjusted life year (DALY).

Release of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from cigarette butts into the aquatic environment: Levels and ecotoxicity.

Discarded cigarette waste may leach toxic elements and can contaminate different environments. In this study, the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in cigarette butts (CBs) leachates were determined, and the release rate of these pollutants from three CBs types such as smoked CBs with and without tobacco (SCBs and SFs) and unsmoked filters (USFs) were examined. The mean concentration levels of PCBs compounds were View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Improving the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus of Citrus sinensis with the use of chitosan-selenium nanocomposite (CS + Se NPs) under salinity stress.

Background: Abiotic stress, such as salinity, affects the photosynthetic apparatus of plants. It is reported that the use of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs), and biochemical compounds such as chitosan (CS) increase the tolerance of plants to stress conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the potential of Se NPs, CS, and their composite (CS + Se NPs) in improving the photosynthetic apparatus of C.

Quantitative microbial risk assessment of gastrointestinal illness due to recreational exposure to and on the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea.

Background: Gastrointestinal illness refers to a broad range of diseases that affect the digestive system, including infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) is a powerful tool used to evaluate the risks associated with microbial pathogens in various environments. The main objective of this study was to conduct a quantitative assessment of gastrointestinal illnesses that occur as a result of exposure to and enterococci during recreational activities on the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea.

Occurrence of microplastics in edible tissues of livestock (cow and sheep).

Plastic contamination is widely recognized as a major environmental concern due to the entry of small plastic particles into the food chain, thereby posing potential hazards to human health. However, the current understanding of microplastic (MP; < 5 mm) particles in livestock, which serve as an important food source, is limited. This study aims to investigate the concentration and characteristics of MPs in edible tissues of cow and sheep, namely liver, meat, and tripe, obtained from butcher shops in five areas of Bushehr port, Iran.

Bottled water safety evaluation: A comprehensive health risk assessment of oral exposure to heavy metals through deterministic and probabilistic approaches by Monte Carlo simulation.

The consumption of bottled water has witnessed substantial global expansion in recent times. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the concentrations of eight heavy metals (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, and Zn) in 71 high-consumption bottled water brands in Iran. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessments were conducted using both deterministic and probabilistic approaches.

Machine learning-based prediction of effluent total suspended solids in a wastewater treatment plant using different feature selection approaches: A comparative study.

Accurately predicting the characteristics of effluent, discharged from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is crucial for reducing sampling requirements, labor, costs, and environmental pollution. Machine learning (ML) techniques can be effective in achieving this goal. To optimize ML-based models, various feature selection (FS) methods are employed.

Analysis of microplastics in ships ballast water and its ecological risk assessment studies from the Persian Gulf.

Transport of ballast water is considered a significant vector for dispersion of different pollutants, including microplastics (MPs), throughout the world's oceans. However, there is limited information on MPs in ballast water. Size distribution, polymer type, and ecological risks of MPs in ballast water were investigated for the first time in this study.

Health risk assessment of workers exposed to lead dust in informal e-waste recycling workshops.

Informal recycling of electronic waste (e-waste) has attracted significant attention due to its economic benefits and rapid growth rate in many parts of the world. Unfortunately, unsafe conditions of recycling workshops possess chronic exposure to workers and lead to elevated blood lead concentrations (BLCs). Upon measuring the lead concentration in the dust of recycling workshops and the e-wastes in southwestern region of Iran, the related health risks were assessed in 30 exposed workers and 30 non-exposed habitants cases based on the determination of BLC.

Microplastics and phthalate esters release from teabags into tea drink: occurrence, human exposure, and health risks.

Tea, the most common infusion worldwide, is usually sold in teabags due to the ease of usage. The increase in the use of plastic materials in the food packaging industry has led to an increase in released contaminants, such as microplastics (MPs) and phthalates (PAEs), in various food products including teabags. In this research, the abundance and features of MPs as well as PAEs concentration were investigated in 45 teabag samples of different Persian and German brands.

Lactational Exposure of Human Infants to Metal (loid)s: A Comparison of Industrial and Urban Inhabitants in North of the Persian Gulf.

In this study, postnatal metal (loid)s (MLs) exposure was compared between the petrochemical and gas area of Asaluyeh (PGA) and urban area of Kaki (UA) in Bushehr province, Iran. Two hundred human breast milk (BM) samples from the industrial and urban areas were analyzed for MLs using Inductivity Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and nickel (Ni) were found at the highest levels in both study areas.

Association metrological factors with Covid-19 mortality in Tehran, Iran (2020-2021).

The outbreak of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has raised questions about the potential role of climate and environmental factors in disease transmission. This study examined meteorological and demographic factors to determine their impact on mortality and hospitalization rates in Tehran, Iran from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022. Notably, hospitalization cases were positively associated with temperature (P-value: 0.

Burden of injury due to occupational accidents and its spatiotemporal trend at the national and subnational levels in Iran, 2011-2018.

Purpose: The spatiotemporal trend of the burden of injury due to occupational accidents in Iran, 2011-2018 were assessed at the national and subnational levels.

Methods: The burden of occupational injury was estimated using three datasets of occupational injury data, the employed population, and duration and disability weight of injuries.

Results: The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), deaths, DALY rate, and death rate (per 100,000 workers) of occupational injury in Iran drastically decreased from 169,523, 2,280, 827, and 11 in 2011 to 86,235, 1,151, 362, and 5 in 2018, respectively.

Assessment of health risk and burden of disease induced by exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene in the outdoor air in Tehran, Iran.

The health risk and burden of disease induced by exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in the outdoor air in Tehran, 2019 were assessed based on the data of five fixed stations with weekly BTEX measurements. The non-carcinogenic risk, carcinogenic risk, and disease burden from exposure to BTEX compounds were determined by hazard index (HI), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), and disability-adjusted life year (DALY), respectively. The average annual concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene in the outdoor air in Tehran were 6.

Implemented indoor airborne transmission mitigation strategies during COVID-19: a systematic review.

Unlabelled: The COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted major economic and health burdens across the world. On the other hand, the potential airborne transmission of SARS-COV-2 via air can deeply undermine the effectiveness of countermeasures against spreading the disease. Therefore, there is an intense focus to look for ways to mitigate the COVID-19 spread within various indoor settings.

Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of exposure to trace elements in groundwater resources of Sari city, Iran.

The daily intake of trace elements through water resources and their adverse health effects is a critical issue. The purpose of this research was to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of exposure to iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) in groundwater resources of Sari city, Iran. The concentrations of the trace elements in a total number of 66 samples from the groundwater sources were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Toxic effect of cigarette butts leachates on blood markers of Periophthalmus waltoni species from the Persian Gulf region.

Cigarette butts (CBs) are one of the most common, long-lasting, and toxic forms of marine and coastal area debris. Although the significance of CBs and the toxic contents of this waste items are well recognized, but there is still a lack of information about the effects of this waste on the aquatic organisms. Therefore in this study, the in-vivo toxic effects of various CBs leachates (smoked cigarette butts with tobacco [SCBs], smoked CBs without tobacco [SFs], and unsmoked filters [USFs]) on cellular and chemical hematologic markers in fish (Periophthalmus waltoni) were evaluated.

A comparative monitoring of maternal and cord serum polychlorinated biphenyls levels from Iranian pregnant women between industrial and urban areas.

The aim of this study was to compare maternal and fetal exposure to PCBs in pregnant women from a petrochemical and gas area (PGA) and an urban area (UA), by the analyses of serum samples from mother (MS) and cord (CS). After liquid-liquid extracting, samples were analyzed for 12 PCBs congeners by gas chromatography mass spectrometer. Adjusted multiple linear regression models showed the mean levels (μg/L) of total PCBs in the MS and CS samples from the PGA (1.

Assessment of cause-specific mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) induced by exposure to inorganic arsenic through drinking water and foodstuffs in Iran.

The health risk and burden of disease induced by exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) through drinking water and foodstuffs in Iran were assessed. The iAs levels in drinking water and foodstuffs (15 food groups) in the country were determined through systematic review of three international databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) and meta-analysis. Based on the results of the systematic review and meta-analysis, the average iAs levels in drinking water and all the food groups at the national level were lower than the maximum permissible levels.

Graphene oxide/MIL 101(Cr) (GO/MOF) nano-composite for adsorptive removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D) from aqueous media: synthesis, characterization, kinetic and isotherm studies.

Contamination of water resources with various pollutants and therefore lack of clean water resources are major problems that threaten many human societies. The need to develop efficient methods and materials to decontaminate water resource is an undeniable fact. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as new class of highly crystalline porous solids, have attracted a great deal of attention in different research fields, especially in adsorptive removal and purification.

Engineered model of t(7;12)(q36;p13) AML recapitulates patient-specific features and gene expression profiles.

Acute myeloid leukaemia carrying the translocation t(7;12)(q36;p13) is an adverse-risk leukaemia uniquely observed in infants. Despite constituting up to 30% of cases in under 2-year-olds, it remains poorly understood. Known molecular features are ectopic overexpression of the MNX1 gene and generation of a fusion transcript in 50% of patients.

Maternal and fetal exposure to metal (loid)s, maternal nutrition status, and impact on prenatal growth in an energy rich zone and an urban area along the Persian Gulf.

The main purposes of the study were to determine whether maternal and cord blood (MB and CB) levels of metal (loid)s (MLs) are different between industrial and urban areas. Subjects were derived from the petrochemical and gas area (PGA) of Asaluyeh County and the urban area (UA) of Bushehr County in Iran. Adjusted models revealed significant differences between the PGA and UA for maternal Fe, Cu, Mg, Cd, Zn, Ni, V and Pb levels, likewise cord Cu, V, Pb and Ni levels, which were higher in the PGA.

Integrated ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction for efficient determination and pre-concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from high-consumption soft drinks and non-alcoholic beers in Iran.

In the present research, an ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry hybrid system was developed for the extraction/determination of trace amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in high-consumption soft drinks and non-alcoholic beers in Iran using magnetite graphene oxide adsorbent. The magnetite graphene oxide was characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and vibrating-sample magnetometer techniques. The highest extraction recovery (73.

Evaluation of occurrence of organic, inorganic, and microbial contaminants in bottled drinking water and comparison with international guidelines: a worldwide review.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of inorganic and organic substances as well as microbial contaminants in bottled drinking water on a global scale. The findings were compared to WHO guidelines, EPA standards, European Union (EU) directive, and standards drafted by International Bottled Water Association (IBWA). Our review showed that 46% of studies focused on the organic contaminants, 25% on physicochemical parameters, 12% on trace elements, 7% on the microbial quality, and 10% on microplastics (MPs) and radionuclides elements.

Occurrence and exposure assessment of microplastics in indoor dusts of buildings with different applications in Bushehr and Shiraz cities, Iran.

The increase in annual usage of plastics for different purposes has led to an increase in microplastics (MPs) particles in various environments including inside of buildings. In the present study, levels and characteristics of MPs in the indoor dust of buildings with different uses including residential house, mosque, hospital, kindergarten, and university in two cities, Bushehr port and Shiraz in Iran, were determined. Thirty dust samples from various buildings were collected.