In Vivo Deformation of the Human Basilar Artery.

An estimated 6.8 million people in the United States have an unruptured intracranial aneurysms, with approximately 30,000 people suffering from intracranial aneurysms rupture each year. Despite the development of population-based scores to evaluate the risk of rupture, retrospective analyses have suggested the limited usage of these scores in guiding clinical decision-making.

Using chitosan-coated magnetite nanoparticles as a drug carrier for opioid delivery against breast cancer.

Over the past decades, opium derivatives have been discovered as new anticancer agents. In our study, FeO superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPIONs) decorated with chitosan were loaded with papaverine or noscapine to surmount drug delivery-related obstacles. Modifying the magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) surface with polymeric materials such as chitosan prevents oxidation and provides a site for drug linkage, which renders them a great drug carrier.

Preparation of stable colloidal dispersion of surface modified FeO nanoparticles for magnetic heating applications.

The effect of surface modification on enhancing the magnetic heating behavior of magnetic nano fluids were investigated, for this purpose FeO nanoparticles were synthesized using co-precipitation method and surface modification was done using citric acid, ascorbic acid, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Experimental heating tests using AC magnetic field were done in the frequency of 100 kHz and different magnetic field (H) intensities. Theoretically the specific absorption rate (SAR) in magnetic nano fluids is independent of nanoparticles concentration but the experimental results showed different behavior.

Evaluation of Thermal Properties of Ferromagnetic Core for Treatment of Solid Tumors by Electromagnetic Induction Hyperthermia.

Background: Electromagnetic induction hyperthermia is a promising method to treat the deep-seated tumors such as brain and prostatic tumors. This technique is performed using the induction of electromagnetic waves in the ferromagnetic cores implanted at the solid tumor.

Objective: This study aims at determining the conditions of the optimal thermal distribution in the different frequencies before performing the in vitro cellular study.

AuNP-based biosensors for the diagnosis of pathogenic human coronaviruses: COVID-19 pandemic developments.

The outbreak rate of human coronaviruses (CoVs) especially highly pathogenic CoVs is increasing alarmingly. Early detection of these viruses allows treatment interventions to be provided more quickly to people at higher risk, as well as helping to identify asymptomatic carriers and isolate them as quickly as possible, thus preventing the disease transmission chain. The current diagnostic methods such as RT-PCR are not ideal due to high cost, low accuracy, low speed, and probability of false results.

Magnetic graphene oxide-lignin nanobiocomposite: a novel, eco-friendly and stable nanostructure suitable for hyperthermia in cancer therapy.

In this research, a novel magnetic nanobiocomposite was designed and synthesized in a mild condition, and its potential in an alternating magnetic field was evaluated for hyperthermia applications. For this purpose, in the first step, graphene oxide was functionalized with a natural lignin polymer using epichlorohydrin as the cross-linking agent. In the second step, the designed magnetic graphene oxide-lignin nanobiocomposite was fabricated by the preparation of magnetic FeO nanoparticles in the presence of graphene oxide functionalized with lignin.

Nanomaterials-based hyperthermia: A literature review from concept to applications in chemistry and biomedicine.

Hyperthermia, the mild elevation of temperature to 40-45 °C, can induce cancer cell death and enhance the effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Due to the nature of hyperthermia, especially their ability to combine nanotechnology, hyperthermia possesses the potential to open a novel paradigm for the therapeutic strategies. However, achievement of its full potential as a clinically relevant treatment modality has been restricted by its inability to effectively and preferentially heat malignant cells.

Treatment of Breast Cancer-Bearing BALB/c Mice with Magnetic Hyperthermia using Dendrimer Functionalized Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles.

The development of novel nanoparticles for diagnostic and therapeutic applications has been one of the most crucial challenges in cancer theranostics for the last decades. Herein, we functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with the fourth generation (G) of poly amidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers (G@IONPs) for magnetic hyperthermia treatment of breast cancer in Bagg albino strain C (BALB/c)mice. The survival of breast cancer cells significantly decreased after incubation with G@IONPs and exposure to an alternating magnetic field (AMF) due to apoptosis and elevation of Bax (Bcl-2 associated X)/Bcl-2(B-cell lymphoma 2) ratio.

Novel enzyme-based electrochemical and colorimetric biosensors for tetracycline monitoring in milk.

Recently, there has been a growing demand to develop portable devices for the fast detection of contaminants in food safety, healthcare, and environmental fields. Herein, two biosensing methods were designed by the use of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H)-dependent TetX2 enzyme activity and thionine as an excellent electrochemical and colorimetric mediator/probe to monitor tetracycline (TC) in milk. The nanoporous glassy carbon electrode (NPGCE) modified with polythionine was first prepared by electrochemically and then TetX2 was immobilized onto the NPGCE using polyethyleneimine.

Preparation and Evaluation of Doxorubicin-Loaded PLA-PEG-FA Copolymer Containing Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) for Cancer Treatment: Combination Therapy with Hyperthermia and Chemotherapy.

Background: Among the novel cancer treatment strategies, combination therapy is a cornerstone of cancer therapy.

Materials And Methods: Here, combination therapy with targeted polymer, magnetic hyperthermia and chemotherapy was presented as an effective therapeutic technique. The DOX-loaded PLA-PEG-FA magnetic nanoparticles (nanocarrier) were prepared via a double emulsion method.

A novel electrochemical immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of CA125 in ovarian cancer.

In the current study, we report on the design and development of a novel electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) oncomarker. Polyamidoamine/gold nanoparticles (PAMAM/AuNPs) were used to increase the conductivity and enhance the number of antibodies (Abs) immobilized on the electrode surface. Three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide-multiwall carbon nanotubes (3DrGO-MWCNTs) were used to modify the glassy carbon electrode to improve the electrode conductivity and specific surface area.

Photothermal enhancement in sensitivity of lateral flow assays for detection of E-coli O157:H7.

Lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) is a well-known point-of-care technology for the detection of various analytes. However, low sensitivity and lack of quantitative results are some of its critical drawbacks. Here we report a photothermal enhanced lateral flow sensor on the basis of the photothermal properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for the detection of E-coli O157:H7 as a model pathogen.

Comparing the efficacy of ondansetron and granisetron augmentation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of ondansetron vs. granisetron in patients with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. A randomized clinical trial conducted on 135 patients with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder, who were treatment-resistant and receiving stable treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and antipsychotic, received 14 weeks (phase I, intervention period) of placebo (n = 45), ondansetron (n = 45, 4 mg), and granisetron (n = 45, 2 mg) daily augmentations.

A novel electrochemical biosensor based on TetX2 monooxygenase immobilized on a nano-porous glassy carbon electrode for tetracycline residue detection.

Different carbon-based nanostructures were used to investigate direct electron transfer (DET) of TetX2 monooxygenase (TetX2), and an enzyme-based biosensor for sensitive determination of tetracycline (TC) also fabricated. A polyethyleneimine (PEI) with positive charge groups was used for immobilization of TetX2 on modified glassy carbon electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was employed to study the electrochemical characteristics of the immobilized enzyme and the performance of the proposed biosensor.

Functionalized reduced graphene oxide as a lateral flow immuneassay label for one-step detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7.

In this study, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were used as visual labels in a lateral flow assay for detection of E. coli O157:H7. The color intensity was employed for the quantitative measurements of the target bacteria.

Magnetic hyperthermia of breast cancer cells and MRI relaxometry with dendrimer-coated iron-oxide nanoparticles.

Background: Recently, some studies have focused on dendrimer nanopolymers as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent or a vehicle for gene and drug delivery. Considering the suitable properties of these materials, they are appropriate candidates for coating iron-oxide nanoparticles which are applied in magnetic hyperthermia. To the best of our knowledge, the novelty of this study is the investigation of fourth-generation dendrimer-coated iron-oxide nanoparticles (G@IONPs) in magnetic hyperthermia and MRI.

Electrochemical immunosensor based on chitosan-gold nanoparticle/carbon nanotube as a platform and lactate oxidase as a label for detection of CA125 oncomarker.

In this work, a novel simple and sensitive electrochemical immunosensor was developed based on lactate oxidase as a single electrochemical probe for the detection of carcinoma antigen 125 (CA125). Chitosan-gold nanoparticle/multiwall carbon nanotube/graphene oxide (CS-AuNP/MWCNT/GO) was used as the electrode substrate to increase the electrode specific surface area and improve the protein immobilization and the electrochemical performance of the electrode in terms of oxidation of HO. Due to the peroxidase-like function of CS-AuNP, the oxidation peak of HO was observed at a very low potential (0.

A highly sensitive and reliable detection of CA15-3 in patient plasma with electrochemical biosensor labeled with magnetic beads.

An early on-time detection of breast cancer can effectively affect the outcome of the treatment. Here, we developed an ultrasensitive, simple and reliable immunosensor to detect the lowest alteration of CA 15-3, the standard biomarker of breast cancer patients. The proposed immunosensor was achieved by modification of gold electrode by streptavidin to immobilize the biotinylated anti-CA 15-3 monoclonal antibody (mAb).

Isolation of HL-60 cancer cells from the human serum sample using MnO-PEI/Ni/Au/aptamer as a novel nanomotor and electrochemical determination of thereof by aptamer/gold nanoparticles-poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) modified GC electrode.

Herein, aptamer-modified self-propelled nanomotors were used for transportation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) from a human serum sample. For this purpose, the fabricated manganese oxide nanosheets-polyethyleneimine decorated with nickel/gold nanoparticles (MnO-PEI/Ni/Au) as nanomotors were added to a vial containing thiolated aptamer KH1C12 solution as a capture aptamer to attach to the gold nanoparticles on the surface of nanomotors covalently. The aptamer-modified self-propelled nanomotors (aptamer/nanomotors) were then separated by placing the vial in a magnetic stand.

An electrochemical aptamer-based assay for femtomolar determination of insulin using a screen printed electrode modified with mesoporous carbon and 1,3,6,8-pyrenetetrasulfonate.

The authors describe an electrochemical method for aptamer-based determination of insulin at femtomolar concentrations. The surface of a screen printed electrode was modified with ordered mesoporous carbon that was chemically modified with 1,3,6,8-pyrenetetrasulfonate (TPS). The amino-terminated aptamer was then covalently linked to TPS via reactive sulfonyl chloride groups.

Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of dendrimer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in BALB/c mice.

Background: The possibility of using a specific nanoparticle in nanomedicine highly depends on its biodistribution profile and biocompatibility. Due to growing demand for iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and dendrimers in biomedical applications, this study was performed to assess the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of dendrimer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (G@IONPs).

Materials And Methods: IONPs were synthesized via co-precipitation and coated with the fourth generation (G) of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer.

A sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor based on in situ silver deposition for determination of serum level of HER2 in breast cancer patients.

The sensitive quantification of Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2), as a key prognostic tumor marker, plays a critical role in screening, early diagnosis and management of breast cancer. This paper describes a sandwich-type immunoassay with silver signal enhancement strategy for highly sensitive detection of HER2. For this purpose, the target capturing step was designed by functionalization of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane coated magnetite nanoparticles with antibody (antiHER2/APTMS-FeO), as a platform bioconjugate (PB), and immobilized at a bare GCE.

Flow injection amperometric sandwich-type aptasensor for the determination of human leukemic lymphoblast cancer cells using MWCNTs-Pd/PTCA/aptamer as labeled aptamer for the signal amplification.

In this research, we demonstrated a flow injection amperometric sandwich-type aptasensor for the determination of human leukemic lymphoblasts (CCRF-CEM) based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) decorated with gold nanoparticles (PEDOT-Au) as a nano platform to immobilize thiolated sgc8c aptamer and multiwall carbon nanotubes decorated with palladium nanoparticles/3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid (MWCNTs-Pd/PTCA) to fabricate catalytic labeled aptamer. In the proposed sensing strategy, the CCRF-CEM cancer cells were sandwiched between immobilized sgc8c aptamer on PEDOT-Au modified surface electrode and catalytic labeled sgc8c aptamer (MWCNTs-Pd/PTCA/aptamer). After that, the concentration of CCRF-CEM cancer cells was determined in presence of 0.

A high sensitive visible light-driven photoelectrochemical aptasensor for shrimp allergen tropomyosin detection using graphitic carbon nitride-TiO nanocomposite.

Herein, for the first time a visible-light-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor for shrimp tropomyosin determination was fabricated by using graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) and titanium dioxide (TiO) as photoactive nanomaterials, ascorbic acid (AA) as electron donor and ruthenium (III) hexaammine (Ru(NH)) as signal enhancer. The surface of an ITO electrode was first modified with g-CN, TiO, and polyethyleneimine (PEI) and then the amine terminal aptamer probe was attached to PEI by the use of glutaraldehyde (GA) as cross-linker. After that, Ru(NH) was adsorbed on aptamer to enhance the photocurrent signal.