Evaluation the Effect of Supplements Containing Vitamin D and Trace Elements in Patients with Moderate to Severe Asthma.

Background: Asthma is a common and major allergic disease in the world. We aimed to investigate the impact of supplements with vitamin D, folic acid, selenium, zinc, and copper in patients with moderate to severe asthma.

Methods: In this clinical trial study 70 patients above six years old with moderate to severe asthma, were divided into two groups, randomly; one group received daily Asmavit syrup, 10 ml (Asmavit, Vitabiotics Ltd, London, UK), and the other group received daily 1000 IU vitamin D3 drops (Asmavit, Vitabiotics Ltd, London, UK) for two months along with ordinary treatment for asthma.

A modified schedule of multiple aeroallergen ultra-rush immunotherapy in perennial allergic rhinitis: safety, efficacy, and T lymphocyte cell population studies.

Background: This study assessed whether a modified immunotherapy schedule for allergic rhinitis could be safe and efficient. Ultra-rush immunotherapy (URIT) rapidly desensitizes patients to aeroallergens.

Objective: We aimed to develop a modified URIT protocol in 3 days to achieve the target dose while observing whether it could improve this situation and decrease the time to achieve the maintenance dose.

Shirazi thyme () extract can alleviate allergic rhinitis: a randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: Atopic diseases are global concerns in the today's industrialized world. Allergic rhinitis is the most common allergic condition affecting 20% of individuals. This disorder is associated with remarkable morbidity and rising healthcare expenditure.

A significant association between CXCL10 -1447 A > G and IL18 -607 C > A gene polymorphism with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM-TSP), a case-control report from city of Mashhad, Iran.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the first isolated retrovirus from humans, and 2-3% of infected individuals suffer from HTLV-1 associated myelopathy tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM-TSP). Previous studies indicated that the risk of HAM-TSP could be correlated with the individuals' genetic alterations. Mashhad is one of the areas infected with HTLV-1 in Iran.

Evaluation of Serum Substance P Level in Chronic Urticaria and Correlation with Disease Severity.

Substance P (SP) is a neurotransmitter emitted from neurons that plays a role in the pathogenesis of itching conditions including chronic urticarial (CU). The present research aims to investigate the serum level of S.P among CU patients and compare them with healthy subjects and explore how it correlates with the severity of urticaria.

The Role of Interleukin-4 and 13 Gene Polymorphisms in Allergic Rhinitis: A Case Control Study.

Background: Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated inflammatory disorder with high morbidity rates. The eitiology of this disease is understood to occur from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. T helper type 2 cells have been shown to have a crucial role in atopic disease due to their production of the cytokines, intelukin and , involved in inflammation.

A significant increase in expression of FOXP3 and IL-17 genes in patients with allergic rhinitis underwent accelerated rush immunotherapy.

Objectives: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common hypersensitivity disease worldwide. Immunotherapy has been performed as the best treatment for years. This study aimed to study the gene expression pattern of immune system cells following an accelerated rush immunotherapy protocol (ARIT) in patients with AR.

Effects of Serum Vitamin D and Efficacy of Subcutaneous Immunotherapy in Adult Patients With Allergic Rhinitis.

Immunotherapy is the standard of treatment for long-life relief of symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Vitamin D may affect the outcomes of treatment. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy in adult patients with allergic rhinitis based on the serum level of vitamin D.

A Biographical History of Some Iranian Pioneers in Medical Immunology and Allergy.

The oldest literature that mentioned the immunity was related to the plague of Athens in 430 BC. The germ theory had more influence on the description of the discrimination between self and non-self which is the core concept of immunology. Allergic diseases were known from 2,000 years ago while Rhazes wrote the first medical monograph about seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Evaluation of Sub cutaneousRush Immunotherapy Effectiveness in Perennial Allergic Rhinitis after a Year from Treatment.

Introduction: Allergen immunotherapy is an effective treatment for allergic rhinitis. Conventional immunotherapy takes at least 5 to 6 months to reach the maintenance dosage; nonetheless, rush immunotherapy accelerates to reach the maintenance dose several months earlier. However, the safety and efficacy of this treatment has not been widely investigated.

HTLV-1-host interactions facilitate the manifestations of cardiovascular disease.

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial life-threatening disease which an epidemiologic study in Northeastern Iran showed its association with HTLV-1 infection. Therefore, a cross-sectional study of 39 newly diagnosed subjects with angiography test in three groups including 14 coronary artery diseaseHTLV-1 (CADHTLV-1), 8 CADHTLV-1, and 17 CADHTLV-1 patients and 11 healthy subjects (CADHTLV-1) were conducted. In the present study, Tax and proviral load (PVL) as HTLV-1 virulence factors, along with host chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1), and CCR2 were investigated.

Evaluation of the frequency of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in nasal polyps.

Nasal polyps (NP) are associated with inflamed mucosa of unknown etiology. The role of T cells in nasal polyposis is unclear. Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) can promote Th2 responses and have been implicated in some types of asthma.

The Most Common Allergenic Tree Pollen Grains in the Middle East: A Narrative Review.

Allergy is becoming a major disease burden globally. Pollens are considered as the main component of aeroallergens that lead to rhinitis and asthma. Due to the lack of a comprehensive investigation on most allergic pollens of trees in the Middle East, the present study aimed to conduct a comprehensive literature review on this topic.

Determination of Optimum Excipients for Platanus orientalis Pollen Extract by Accelerating Chemical Stability Test and Their Synergistic Effect.

Background: The quality of extracts used in the skin prick test directly influences the interpretation of the test. Accordingly, the outcomes and effectiveness of immunotherapy for the management of IgE-mediated allergies depend on the quality of the extracts used. Excipients, which are pharmacologically inert ingredients, are intentionally added to the active ingredients.

CD14 as A Serum Immune Biomarker and Genetic Predisposition Factor for Allergic Rhinitis.

Introduction: Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a common inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa. The CD14 is a receptor for lipopolysaccharide and inhaled endotoxin which can stimulate the production of interleukins by antigen presenting cells. Accordingly, CD14 plays an important role in allergic and atopic diseases, which can be one of the etiological factors for allergic diseases.

Common solvents for making extraction of allergenic proteins from plants' pollens for prick tests and related factors: a technical review.

Collecting information on influencing factors in developing consistent and high-quality extracts results in accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of type I allergy (IgE mediated). Furthermore, considering that a large number of allergens are currently in practice, any attempt to develop a more effective procedure for preparing extract may be useful. Nowadays, different saline solvents, temperature, incubation time, and PH are being incorporated for preparing allergen extracts.

Report of Common Aeroallergens among Allergic Patients in Northeastern Iran.

Introduction: The prevalence of atopic diseases has increased in recent decades dramatically. The most common aeroallergens in Northeastern Iran have not been fully defined. Determining the most common aeroallergens in allergic patients based on the skin prick test (SPT) was aimed in this investigation.

Approach to Patients with Severe Asthma: a Consensus Statement from the Respiratory Care Experts' Input Forum (RC-EIF), Iran.

Challenges in the assessment, diagnosis and management of severe, difficult-to-control asthma are increasingly regarded as clinical needs yet unmet. The assessments required to determine asthma severity, comorbidities and confounding factors, disease phenotypes and optimal treatment are among the controversial issues in the field. The respiratory care experts' input forum (RC-EIF), comprised of an Iranian panel of experts, reviewed the definition, appraised the available guidelines and provided a consensus for evaluation and treatment of severe asthma in adults.

Downregulation of immune responses in asthmatic humans by ES products of Marshallagia marshalli.

Background And Aims: Helminths and their products are considered to possess therapeutic capability to control or even prevent immune-mediated diseases. Studies suggest that helminths induce a systemic immunomodulatory network, including regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10), which might play a key role in the protection against the allergic phenotype. Thus, helminthic therapy is becoming of a major interest, and several researchers are enthusiastically tended to explore its role in allergic diseases.

Association between HLA-DQB1 alleles and HAM/TSP patients in Khorasan Province.

Objectives: HTLVI-1 is the first human retrovirus with limited endemic regions in the world. The epidemiological studies have shown that the genetic background and immune response to the virus have a significant role in HTLV-I-associated diseases. Among the genes are involved in HTLV-I infection, the role of human leukocytes antigen (HLA) have been studied in different population.

Association between Cytokine production and disease severity in Alzheimer's disease.

The role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3, and IL-6 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has long been reported in literature. In this case-control study, the concentrations of these cytokines in altered T lymphocytes, as well as serum vitamin B12, have been compared in terms of factors such as, age, the clinical course and the patients' disease risk. 40 patients who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria of AD were selected and an age- and gender-matched control group was recruited.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha polymorphism at position -238 in preeclampsia.

Background: Preeclampsia is the most common serious disorder during pregnancy and studies show several immune-related processes in its pathophysiology. The role of cytokines and their expression remains controversial in this field. One of the cytokines of interest in recent studies has been TNF-α, which has been shown to have a higher level in maternal plasma of preeclamptic women.