Ecological health and security of the Jazmurian Wetland Endorheic Watershed, Iran.

Wetlands represent a crucial category of aquatic ecosystems that face numerous threats, such as increasing population density, alterations in land-use, climate change, excessive extraction of water resources, and inadequate construction of reservoirs. As a result of these challenges, wetlands cannot perform their essential functions, which include meeting human demands, supporting tourism, mitigating dust storms, and maintaining the biodiversity of flora and fauna. Accordingly, assessing their health and service performance is essential.

Watershed health and ecological security zoning throughout Iran.

Today, land degradation and the decrease in the expected services of watersheds have been mainly influenced by human-induced activities. Hence, it requires more attention to adaptively manage and provide feasible solutions to watershed disruptions. However, appropriate management of precious commodities such as water, soil, air, and vegetation cover needs insight planning on a proper scale.