Ultrasound-assisted, low-solvent and acid/base-free synthesis of 5-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiols as potent antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.

One of the goals of green chemistry is to use environmentally friendly solvents or remove and reduce the volume of harmful spent solvents. In this study, a novel process for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol derivatives was proposed via ultrasound-assisted reaction of aryl hydrazides with CS (1:1 molar ratio) in some drops of DMF in the absence of basic or acidic catalysts. They were produced in good to excellent yields under easy workup and purification conditions.

Green multicomponent synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant evaluation of novel 5-amino-isoxazole-4-carbonitriles.

Background: Design and synthesis of new inhibitor agents to deal with pathogenic microorganisms is expanding. In this project, an efficient, environmentally friendly, economical, rapid and mild procedure was developed for the synthesis of novel functionalized isoxazole derivatives as antimicrobial potentials.

Methods: Multicomponent reaction between malononitrile (1), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (2) and different aryl or heteroaryl aldehydes 3a-i afforded novel 5-amino-isoxazole-4-carbonitriles 4a-i in good product yields and short reaction times.

Expedient multicomponent synthesis of a small library of some novel highly substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives mediated and promoted by deep eutectic solvent and in vitro and quantum mechanical study of their antibacterial and antifungal activities.

A facile and efficient catalyst- and oxidant-free multicomponent synthesis of a small library of highly substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives is reported. The products were obtained within relatively short reaction times in good to excellent yields in the presence of deep eutectic solvents as media and promoters. Simple purification and reusability of the deep eutectic solvent were the other beneficial factors of the reported protocol.

Green One-pot Synthesis of Novel Polysubstituted Pyrazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents.

Various biological properties of natural and synthetic pyrazole derivatives such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, antidepressant and anticancer activities encouraged us to propose a new, fast, green and eco-friendly procedure for the preparation of some novel 5-amino-3-(aryl substituted)-1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitriles. They were efficiently synthesized via one-pot two-step process reaction of malononitrile, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and different benzaldehydes in deep eutectic solvent (DES) glycerol/potassium carbonate. The products yield and reaction times were considerably improved in the presence of applied DES.

Multicomponent Solvent-Free Synthesis, Antibacterial Evaluation and QSAR Study of 2-(Bis(benzylthio)methylene) malononitriles.

Multicomponent reaction of malononitrile, carbon disulphide and various benzyl halides was developed as an efficient strategy for the synthesis of 2-(bis(benzylthio)methylene)malononitrile derivatives via two different procedures: (a) in the presence of K2CO3 as a base in acetonitrile and (b) under solvent-free conditions in the presence of triethylamine. Higher yields with shorter reaction times were obtained from the latter procedure. Inhibitory activity of all derivatives was evaluated against 22 pathogenic bacteria including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains.

MgO Nanoparticle-Catalyzed Synthesis and Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity of Imidazolidine- and Tetrahydropyrimidine-2-Thione Derivatives.

The biological properties of imidazolidine- and tetrahydropyrimidine-2-thione derivatives such as antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities increase the demand for mild and efficient synthetic routes. In this regard, methods such as reaction of diaminoalkanes with carbon disulfide have been developed. However, this method usually suffers from relatively long reaction times, using excess reagents, vigorous reaction conditions, and emission of pernicious hydrogen sulfide gas.

Cytomegalovirus localization in atherosclerotic plaques is associated with acute coronary syndromes: report of 105 patients.

It has been shown that cytomegalovirus (CMV) is present in coronary atherosclerotic plaques, but the clinical relevance of this presence remains to be elucidated. In this study we sought to examine CMV infection in atherosclerosis patients defined by different methods and to identify the clinical significance of CMV replication in the atherosclerotic plaques. The study included 105 consecutive patients who were admitted to our department and underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgical interventions.

Impact of cardiac rehabilitation on metabolic syndrome in Iranian patients with coronary heart disease: the role of obesity.

Background: Due to high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Iran, and their mutual relationship, we evaluated how comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) can affect MetS in patients with CHD.

Method: In this study (1998-2003), we evaluated 547 patients with CHD undergoing comprehensive CR.

Results: Cases with MetS decreased from 42.