Metformin and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women with gestational diabetes in the United Kingdom: A population-based cohort study.

Aims: Metformin is increasingly used off-label as the treatment of gestational diabetes (GDM). Our objective was to determine if metformin versus insulin initiation is associated with the adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, its pregnancy register, and Hospital Episode Statistics from 1998 to 2018.

[Vitamin D Deficiency In Advanced Breast Cancer Risk In Mali].

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the association between vitamin D deficiency and advanced BC in a Malian women population.

Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study, conducted during 4 months, from August 2021 to November 2021. The assays were performed on immunodiagnostic and biochemistry devices in Rodolphe Merieux Laboratory.

A Meta-Analysis of 3-Year Outcomes of Drug-Coated Balloons Versus Drug-Eluting Stents for Small-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease.

Background: Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) may be a viable alternative to drug-eluting stents (DES) for de novo small caliber coronary artery lesions. However, there remains a lack of data regarding the long-term efficacy of this approach.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after 3-year follow-up among patients randomized to DCB versus DES for the treatment of small caliber coronary arteries with reference vessel diameter between 2 and 3 mm.

Long-term persistence of mitochondrial dysfunctions after viral infections and antiviral therapies: A review of mechanisms involved.

Mitochondria are vital for most cells' functions. Viruses hijack mitochondria machinery for misappropriation of energy supply or to bypass defense mechanisms. Many of these mitochondrial dysfunctions persist after recovery from treated or untreated viral infections, particularly when mitochondrial DNA is permanently damaged.

A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing outcomes between using subcutaneous insulin and continuous insulin infusion in managing adult patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Background: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the current literature to determine the safety and efficacy of using subcutaneous insulin compared to an intravenous (IV) insulin infusion in managing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Methods: We searched Ovid-Medline, EMBASE, SCOPUS, BIOSIS and CENTRAL from inception to April 26, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that assessed the use of subcutaneous compared to intravenous insulin for the treatment of mild to moderate DKA were included.

Genetic susceptibility to optic neuropathy in patients with alcohol use disorder.

Background: The pathophysiology of toxico-nutritional optic neuropathies remains debated, with no clear understanding of the respective roles played by the direct alcohol toxicity, smoking and the often associated vitamin deficiencies, which are risk factors for optic neuropathy. Our aim was to investigate genetic susceptibility in patients with bilateral infraclinical optic neuropathy associated with chronic alcohol use disorder.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 102 visually asymptomatic patients with documented alcohol use disorder from a French reference center.

Primary mitochondrial disorders and mimics: Insights from a large French cohort.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of NGS within the French mitochondrial network, MitoDiag, from targeted gene panels to whole exome sequencing (WES) or whole genome sequencing (WGS) focusing on mitochondrial nuclear-encoded genes.

Methods: Over 2000 patients suspected of Primary Mitochondrial Diseases (PMD) were sequenced by either targeted gene panels, WES or WGS within MitoDiag. We described the clinical, biochemical, and molecular data of 397 genetically confirmed patients, comprising 294 children and 103 adults, carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in nuclear-encoded genes.

Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Patients Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has demonstrated clinically important weight loss effects in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, its effects on sustained weight loss in patients without diabetes remains unclear. Our objective was to examine the long-term efficacy and safety of semaglutide use for weight loss in patients with overweight/obesity and without diabetes.

Prescribing trends of proton pump inhibitors and histamine blockers among children in the United Kingdom (1998-2019): A population-based assessment.

Purpose: To describe the prescribing trends of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H receptor antagonists (H RAs) among children with gastroesophageal reflux in the United Kingdom between 1998 and 2019.

Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink that included all children aged ≤18 years with a first ever diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux between 1998 and 2019. Using negative binomial regression, we estimated crude and adjusted annual prescription rates per 1000 person-years and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PPIs and H RAs.

A Metabolomic Signature of Ischemic Stroke Showing Acute Oxidative and Energetic Stress.

Metabolomics is a powerful data-driven tool for in-depth biological phenotyping that could help identify the specific metabolic profile of cryptogenic strokes, for which no precise cause has been identified. We performed a targeted quantitative metabolomics study in West African patients who had recently suffered an ischemic stroke, which was either cryptogenic ( = 40) or had a clearly identified cause ( = 39), compared to a healthy control group ( = 40). Four hundred fifty-six metabolites were accurately measured.

Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Levels in Breast Cancer Risk in Mali: A Case-Control Study.

(1) Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer found in women in Mali. The aim of the current study was to determine the association between metabolites circulating in the blood, 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)D, and vitamin D levels with the risk of breast cancer in Malian women. (2) Methods: We conducted a prospective case-control study from August 2021 to March 2022.

Rapid haemoglobin A and S quantification using Tosoh HLC-723G8 in variant mode for patients with sickle cell disease.

The management of life-threatening complications in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) requires an accurate and reproducible quantification of haemoglobin A (HbA) and S (HbS) with a short turnaround time and 24-7 availability. We propose a novel method for quantifying HbA and HbS using the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) assay on a Tosoh HLC-723G8 (G8) analyser in variant mode. HbA and HbS results obtained using our method highly correlated with results obtained using a reference method (r > 0.

Case report: Diagnosis of ADCY5-related dyskinesia explaining the entire phenotype in a patient with atypical citrullinemia type I.

Unlabelled: In this case study, we report the case of a 13-year-old girl with citrullinemia type 1 (MIM #215700), an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of the urea cycle, which was confirmed by the identification of a homozygous pathogenic variant in the argininosuccinate synthetase 1 () gene. However, the patient presented abnormal hyperkinetic movements with global developmental delay and clinical signs that were not fully consistent with those of citrullinemia type 1 or with those of her siblings with isolated citrullinemia type 1. Exome sequencing showed the presence of a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the adenylate cyclase type 5 () gene.

Prescription ranitidine use and population exposure in 6 Canadian provinces, 1996 to 2019: a serial cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Ranitidine was the most prescribed histamine-2 receptor antagonist (HRA) in Canada when recalled in 2019 because of potential carcinogenicity. We sought to compare geographic and temporal patterns in use of prescription ranitidine and 3 other HRAs and estimated population exposure to ranitidine in 6 provinces between 1996 and 2019.

Methods: This population-based serial cross-sectional study used prescription claims for HRAs dispensed from community pharmacies in Nova Scotia, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia.

Levothyroxine initiation and the risk of pregnancy loss among pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism: An observational study emulating a target trial.

Background: While the benefits of levothyroxine are well-established for overt hypothyroidism, they are unclear for subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) among pregnant women.

Objective: To estimate the effect of initiation of levothyroxine on pregnancy loss among women with SCH with an emulated target trial using observational data.

Methods: We emulated a target trial using the United Kingdom's Clinical Practice Research Datalink to account for the staggered timing of diagnosis and treatment of SCH and the time of entry of women into prenatal care.

Kynurenic Acid: A Novel Player in Cardioprotection against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries.

Background: Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide; hence, there is an urgent need to discover novel cardioprotective strategies. Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, has been previously reported to have cardioprotective effects. However, the mechanisms by which KYNA may be protective are still unclear.

Evaluating the impact of varying expired carbon monoxide thresholds on smoking relapse identification: insights from the E3 trial on e-cigarette efficacy for smoking cessation.

Objectives: Expired carbon monoxide (ECO) is often used in smoking cessation trials to biochemically validate self-reported smoking status. The optimal ECO threshold to distinguish individuals who smoke from those who do not is debated.

Design: The data from the 'Evaluating the Efficacy of E-Cigarette use for Smoking Cessation (E3) Trial' were used; the E3 trial was a randomised controlled trial that examined e-cigarettes efficacy for smoking cessation.

Serum ferritin/C-reactive protein ratio is a simple and effective biomarker for diagnosing iron deficiency in the context of systemic inflammation.

Background: Diagnosing iron deficiency is challenging in the presence of systemic inflammation.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin (SF) and transferrin saturation (TS), with the objective of establishing a straightforward ratio applicable in the presence of inflammatory syndrome.

Design: Test prospective cohort and validation retrospective cohort.

Combined Metabolipidomic and Machine Learning Approach in a Rat Model of Stroke Reveals a Deleterious Impact of Brain Injury on Heart Metabolism.

Cardiac complications are frequently found following a stroke in humans whose pathophysiological mechanism remains poorly understood. We used machine learning to analyse a large set of data from a metabolipidomic study assaying 630 metabolites in a rat stroke model to investigate metabolic changes affecting the heart within 72 h after a stroke. Twelve rats undergoing a stroke and 28 rats undergoing the sham procedure were investigated.

An immuno-lipidomic signature revealed by metabolomic and machine-learning approaches in labial salivary gland to diagnose primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Introduction: Assessing labial salivary gland exocrinopathy is a cornerstone in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Currently this relies on the histopathologic diagnosis of focal lymphocytic sialadenitis and computing a focus score by counting lym=phocyte foci. However, those lesions represent advanced stages of primary Sjögren's syndrome, although earlier recognition of primary Sjögren's syndrome and its effective treatment could prevent irreversible damage to labial salivary gland.

The Cardiovascular Safety of Five-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors Among Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Five-alpha reductase inhibitors (5αRIs) are used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, the cardiovascular effects of 5αRIs remain poorly understood. The study objective was to compare the rate of hospitalization for heart failure among men with BPH prescribed 5αRIs to that of men with BPH not prescribed BPH medications.