Efficacy and tolerance of intravenous methylprednisolone pulses in children with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia requiring respiratory support.

Objectives: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that affects premature babies and contributes to their morbidity. French BPD guidelines suggest the use of intravenous methylprednisolone pulses (IVMP) for those who require respiratory support (RS) following 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). However, there is scant data on the efficacy and tolerance for this indication.

Retrolaminar Demyelination of Structurally Intact Axons in Nonhuman Primate Experimental Glaucoma.

Purpose: To determine if structurally intact, retrolaminar optic nerve (RON) axons are demyelinated in nonhuman primate (NHP) experimental glaucoma (EG).

Methods: Unilateral EG NHPs (n = 3) were perfusion fixed, EG and control eyes were enucleated, and foveal Bruch's membrane opening (FoBMO) 30° sectoral axon counts were estimated. Optic nerve heads were trephined; serial vibratome sections (VSs) were imaged and colocalized to a fundus photograph establishing their FoBMO location.

A manually annotated corpus in French for the study of urbanization and the natural risk prevention.

Land artificialization is a serious problem of civilization. Urban planning and natural risk management are aimed to improve it. In France, these practices operate the Local Land Plans (PLU - Plan Local d'Urbanisme) and the Natural risk prevention plans (PPRn - Plan de Prévention des Risques naturels) containing land use rules.

Utility of Light-Adapted Full-Field Electroretinogram ON and OFF Responses for Detecting Glaucomatous Functional Damage.

Purpose: To compare parameters of electroretinogram (ERG) responses for their ability to detect functional loss in early stages of nonhuman primate (NHP) experimental glaucoma (EG), including photopic negative responses (PhNR) to a standard brief red flash on a blue background (R/B) and 200-ms-long R/B and white-on-white (W/W) flashes, to W/W flicker stimuli (5-50 Hz), and to a dark-adapted intensity series.

Methods: Light-adapted ERGs were recorded in 12 anesthetized monkeys with unilateral EG. Amplitudes and implicit times of the a-wave, b-wave, and d-wave were measured, as well as amplitudes of PhNRs and oscillatory potentials for flash onset and offset.

AxoNet 2.0: A Deep Learning-Based Tool for Morphometric Analysis of Retinal Ganglion Cell Axons.

Purpose: Assessment of glaucomatous damage in animal models is facilitated by rapid and accurate quantification of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axonal loss and morphologic change. However, manual assessment is extremely time- and labor-intensive. Here, we developed AxoNet 2.

OCT Optic Nerve Head Morphology in Myopia II: Peri-Neural Canal Scleral Bowing and Choroidal Thickness in High Myopia-An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis.

Purpose: To use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to characterize optic nerve head (ONH) peri-neural canal (pNC) scleral bowing (pNC-SB) and pNC choroidal thickness (pNC-CT) in 69 highly myopic and 138 healthy, age-matched, control eyes.

Design: Cross-sectional, case control study.

Methods: Within ONH radial B-scans, Bruch membrane (BM), BM opening (BMO), anterior scleral canal opening (ASCO), and pNC scleral surface were segmented.

Optic Nerve Head Myelin-Related Protein, GFAP, and Iba1 Alterations in Non-Human Primates With Early to Moderate Experimental Glaucoma.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test if optic nerve head (ONH) myelin basic protein (MBP), 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) proteins are altered in non-human primate (NHP) early/moderate experimental glaucoma (EG).

Methods: Following paraformaldehyde perfusion, control and EG eye ONH tissues from four NHPs were paraffin embedded and serially (5 µm) vertically sectioned. Anti-MBP, CNPase, GFAP, Iba1, and nuclear dye-stained sections were imaged using sub-saturating light intensities.

A high-accuracy and high-efficiency digital volume correlation method to characterize in-vivo optic nerve head biomechanics from optical coherence tomography.

In-vivo optic nerve head (ONH) biomechanics characterization is emerging as a promising way to study eye physiology and pathology. We propose a high-accuracy and high-efficiency digital volume correlation (DVC) method to characterize the in-vivo ONH deformation from optical coherence tomography (OCT) volumes. Using a combination of synthetic tests and analysis of OCTs from monkey ONHs subjected to acutely elevated intraocular pressure, we demonstrate that our proposed methodology overcame several challenges for conventional DVC methods: First, a pre-registration technique was used to remove large ONH rigid body motion in OCT volumes which could lead to analysis failure; second, a modified 3D inverse-compositional Gaussian Newton method was used to ensure sub-voxel accuracy of displacement calculations despite high noise and low image contrast of some OCT volumes; third, a tricubic B-spline interpolation method was applied to improve computational efficiency; fourth, a confidence parameter was introduced to guide the searching path in the displacement calculation; fifth, a confidence-weighted strain calculation method was applied to further improve the accuracy.

Association of Optic Nerve Head Prelaminar Schisis With Glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare the frequency of observing optic nerve head (ONH) prelaminar schisis by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in glaucoma and glaucoma suspect (GL/S) eyes vs healthy control (HC) eyes and to assess its association with other markers of glaucoma severity.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 298 eyes of 150 GL/S patients and 88 eyes of 44 HCs. OCT scans were obtained, including 24 radial B-scans, each composed of 768 A-lines spanning 15°, centered on the ONH.

Effect of Trabeculectomy on OCT Measurements of the Optic Nerve Head Neuroretinal Rim Tissue.

Purpose: Ophthalmologists commonly perform glaucoma surgery to treat progressive glaucoma. Few studies have examined the stability of OCT neuroretinal rim parameters after glaucoma surgery for ongoing detection of glaucoma progression.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

AxoNet: A deep learning-based tool to count retinal ganglion cell axons.

In this work, we develop a robust, extensible tool to automatically and accurately count retinal ganglion cell axons in optic nerve (ON) tissue images from various animal models of glaucoma. We adapted deep learning to regress pixelwise axon count density estimates, which were then integrated over the image area to determine axon counts. The tool, termed AxoNet, was trained and evaluated using a dataset containing images of ON regions randomly selected from whole cross sections of both control and damaged rat ONs and manually annotated for axon count and location.

Optical Coherence Tomography Structural Abnormality Detection in Glaucoma Using Topographically Correspondent Rim and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Criteria.

Purpose: This study evaluated the ability of topographically correspondent (TC) minimum rim width (MRW) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFLT) criteria to detect optical coherence tomography (OCT) structural abnormality in glaucoma (GL) and glaucoma suspect (GLS) eyes.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: A total of 196 GL eyes, 150 GLS eyes, and 303 heathy eyes underwent pRNFL and 24 radial optic nerve head OCT imaging and manual correction of the internal limiting membrane, Bruch's membrane opening (BMO), and outer pRNFL segmentations.

[Proposal of guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis in plastic, reconstructive, and aesthetic surgery].

Background: In plastic surgery, guidelines about antibiotic prophylaxis are inaccurate and incomplete, due to result the absence of high-level studies on this subject. The main aim is to establish national common recommendations for plastic surgery antibiotic prophylaxis.

Materials And Methods: A working group will discuss and validate a multi-center analysis of practices in three University Hospital Centers compared to an interdisciplinary analysis of recommendations to the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine and scientific literature.

Author Correction: Microbially induced potassium enrichment in Paleoproterozoic shales and implications for reverse weathering on early Earth.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Microbially induced potassium enrichment in Paleoproterozoic shales and implications for reverse weathering on early Earth.

Illitisation requires potassium incorporation into a smectite precursor, a process akin to reverse weathering. However, it remains unclear whether microbes facilitate K uptake to the sediments and whether illitisation was important in the geological past. The 2.

An Examination of the Frequency of Paravascular Defects and Epiretinal Membranes in Eyes With Early Glaucoma Using En-face Slab OCT Images.

Purpose: To examine the frequency of paravascular defects (PDs) and macular epiretinal membranes (ERMs) in eyes categorized as having mild glaucoma or glaucoma suspect using en-face slab analysis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-seven glaucomatous eyes, 44 low-risk suspect eyes, and 101 healthy control eyes were included in the study. The 101 glaucomatous and suspect eyes had a mean deviation better than -6 dB on the 24-2 visual field, and a spherical refractive error between±6 D or axial length <26.

Organism motility in an oxygenated shallow-marine environment 2.1 billion years ago.

Evidence for macroscopic life in the Paleoproterozoic Era comes from 1.8 billion-year-old (Ga) compression fossils [Han TM, Runnegar B (1992) 257:232-235; Knoll et al. (2006) 361:1023-1038], Stirling biota [Bengtson S et al.

Induction of Proinflammatory Multiple Sclerosis-Associated Retrovirus Envelope Protein by Human Herpesvirus-6A and CD46 Receptor Engagement.

The aberrant expression of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) elements of the HERV-W family has been associated with different diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). In particular, the expression of the envelope protein (Env) from the multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus (MSRV), a member of HERV-W family and known for its potent proinflammatory activity, is repeatedly detected in the brain lesions and blood of MS patients. Furthermore, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection has long been suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis of MS and neuroinflammation.

Glaucoma Specialist Detection of Optical Coherence Tomography Suspicious Rim Tissue in Glaucoma and Glaucoma Suspect Eyes.

Purpose: To assess glaucoma specialists' detection of optic nerve head (ONH) rim tissue that is thin by optical coherence tomography (OCT) criteria.

Design: Reliability analysis.

Methods: Five clinicians marked the disc margin (DM) and rim margin (RM) on stereophotographs of 151 glaucoma or glaucoma suspect eyes obtained within 3 months of OCT imaging.

Glaucoma Specialist Optic Disc Margin, Rim Margin, and Rim Width Discordance in Glaucoma and Glaucoma Suspect Eyes.

Purpose: To quantify the variability of 5 glaucoma specialists' optic disc margin (DM), rim margin (RM), and rim width (RW) estimates.

Design: Inter-observer reliability analysis.

Methods: Clinicians viewed stereo-photographs from 214 subjects with glaucoma or ocular hypertension and digitally marked the DM and RM.

Adaptation of Amoeba Plate Test To Recover Legionella Strains from Clinical Samples.

The isolation of from respiratory samples is the gold standard for diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease (LD) and enables epidemiological studies and outbreak investigations. The purpose of this work was to adapt and to evaluate the performance of an amoebic coculture procedure (the amoeba plate test [APT]) for the recovery of strains from respiratory samples, in comparison with axenic culture and liquid-based amoebic coculture (LAC). Axenic culture, LAC, and APT were prospectively performed with 133 respiratory samples from patients with LD.

3D Histomorphometric Reconstruction and Quantification of the Optic Nerve Head Connective Tissues.

Accurately characterizing the 3D geometry of the optic nerve head neural and connective tissues has been the goal of a large and important body of scientific work. In the present report, we summarize our methods for the high-resolution, digital, 3D histomorphometric reconstruction of the optic nerve head tissues, including their visualization, parameterization, and quantification. In addition, we present our methods for between-eye comparisons of this anatomy, and their use to determine animal-specific and experiment-wide experimental glaucoma versus Control eye differences in the unilateral, monkey experimental glaucoma model.

Variation in the Three-Dimensional Histomorphometry of the Normal Human Optic Nerve Head With Age and Race: Lamina Cribrosa and Peripapillary Scleral Thickness and Position.

Purpose: This study quantified the thickness and depth of the lamina cribrosa (LC) and peripapillary scleral thickness in high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) fluorescent reconstructions of the optic nerve head (ONH) in eyes from donors of African (AD) and European descent (ED).

Methods: A total of 64 eyes (45 ED, 19 AD) from 51 normal donors were obtained within 6 hours of death and fixed at 10 mm Hg of pressure. The optic nerve head was trephined from the globe and digitally reconstructed at 1.