Refining Ounce-Equivalents Using the EAA-9 Approach for Protein Scoring and Dietary Guidance.

Background: The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Protein Food ounce-equivalents are designed to identify plant sources of protein foods and provide serving size substitutions. Although the ounce-equivalent concept is simple, it fails to generate equivalent exchanges for protein or essential amino acids (EAAs).

Objective: To accurately define the EAA content of USDA Protein Food ounce-equivalents, to develop a more accurate food exchange list, and to evaluate the EAA-9 protein quality framework as a tool for determining precise EAA-equivalent substitutions.

Psychometric Validation of the CLN2 Quality of Life Questionnaire in Participants with CLN2 Disease Treated with Cerliponase Alfa.

Objectives: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 Quality of Life (CLN2 QoL) questionnaire.

Methods: Data from children with CLN2 disease aged 3-16 years receiving cerliponase alfa in the BMN 190-201 and BMN 190-202 clinical studies, collected via purposive sampling, were used to assess convergent and divergent validity, internal consistency and reliability. The clinically important difference (CID) was estimated with distribution- and anchor-based methods.

Debris Embolization to the Lung After a Bioprosthetic (Mitroflow®) Valve Fracture.

This case report shows a valve in valve procedure in pulmonary position of a 19-year-old male with a repaired Tetralogy of Fallot. After initial correction, a Mitroflow 23 mm bioprosthetic valve was implanted in pulmonary position. Nine years later severe degeneration of the valve occurred.

Exploring Post-acute Care Challenges and Opportunities in Spinal Cord Injuries: Perspectives from 3 Distinct Countries: Canada, the United States, and Mexico.

This article describes the differences and similarities in post-acute care for patients with spinal cord injuries in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. It provides a comprehensive description of the current state of spinal cord injury post-acute care in each country, including the prevalent practices, rehabilitation continuum of care, as well as challenges and opportunities related to clinical services, psychosocial factors, economic considerations, and cultural influences.

The Association between the Type of Mental Health Treatment Received, Metropolitan Status and Gender.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the type of mental health care received and metropolitan status. We combined data from the National Survey for Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to examine mental health treatment. We grouped participants by metropolitan status and receipt of mental health treatment.

Cu-Catalyzed Enantioselective Borylative Desymmetrization of 1-Vinyl Cyclobutanols and Axial-to-Point Chirality Transfer in a Diastereoconvergent/Stereoretentive Allylation Scenery.

Cu-catalyzed asymmetric allylic borylation of 3,3'-disubstituted 1-vinylcyclobutan-1-ols renders axially chiral allylborane systems, with high asymmetric induction for both enantiomers, by precise selection of the cis or trans substrate. The enantioenriched alkylidenecyclobutanes served as chiral platform to prove the conceptually challenging transference of the axial-to-point chirality through two new stereocenters and one pseudoasymmetric carbon generated via diastereoconvergent allylation of aldehydes, without enantioselective erosion.

Implications of tumor-positive sentinel lymph nodes in single vs multiple nodal basins in melanoma.

Background: Melanoma patients' prognosis is based on the primary tumor characteristics and the tumor status of the regional lymph nodes. The advent of lymphoscintigraphy with SLN biopsy (SLNB) has shown that melanoma can drain to multiple nodal basins but the significance of multiple basins (vs. one basin) with tumor-positive sentinel lymph node(s) (+SLN) of similar tumor burden has not been shown.

Oscillation steers differentiation.

The differentiation trajectories defining enteroendocrine (EE) cell heterogeneity remain obscure. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Singh et al. map the differentiation landscape of EE cells, identifying early oscillating cell progenitor states, which play a critical role in generating terminal EE cell diversity.

The meninges host a unique compartment of regulatory T cells that bulwarks adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

Unlabelled: Our knowledge about the meningeal immune system has recently burgeoned, particularly our understanding of how innate and adaptive effector cells are mobilized to meet brain challenges. However, information on how meningeal immunocytes guard brain homeostasis in healthy individuals remains sparse. This study highlights the heterogeneous and polyfunctional regulatory-T (Treg) cell compartment in the meninges.

Organocatalysis as an enabling tool for enantioselective ring-opening reactions of cyclopropanes.

The rich reactivity profile of cyclopropanes has been extensively explored to trigger new organic transformations that enable unusual disconnective approaches to synthesize molecular motifs that are not easily reached through conventional reactions. In particular, the chemistry of cyclopropanes has received special attention in the last decade, with multiple new approaches that capitalize on the use of organocatalysis for the activation of the cyclopropane scaffold. This situation has also opened the possibility of developing enantioselective variants of many reactions that until now were only carried out in an enantiospecific or diastereoselective manner.

Vericiguat and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Heart Failure by Baseline Diabetes Status: Insights From the VICTORIA Trial.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly worsens heart failure (HF) prognosis.

Objectives: This study sought to investigate the impact of T2DM on outcomes in patients enrolled in VICTORIA and assess the efficacy of vericiguat in patients with and without T2DM.

Methods: Patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction were randomized to receive vericiguat or placebo in addition to standard therapy.

From islands to infectomes: host-specific viral diversity among birds across remote islands.

Background: Accelerating biodiversity loss necessitates monitoring the potential pathogens of vulnerable species. With a third of New Zealand's avifauna considered at risk of extinction, a greater understanding of the factors that influence microbial transmission in this island ecosystem is needed. We used metatranscriptomics to determine the viruses, as well as other microbial organisms (i.

Telehealth access and experiences of older adults with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons for the future.

Background: Telehealth services are proposed to improve access and retention to care for people with HIV (PWH). Yet the rapid uptake of telehealth services during the COVID-19 pandemic created equity concerns, especially for already vulnerable populations. Older PWH may face a combination of barriers to telehealth but also stand to benefit given social isolation and the need for multimorbidity management.

Exploring concurrent validity of the CLN2 Clinical Rating Scale: Comparison to PedsQL using cerliponase alfa clinical trial data.

Background: The CLN2 Clinical Rating Scale evaluates disease progression in CLN2 disease, an ultra-rare, neurodegenerative disorder with late infantile onset. To validate the Clinical Rating Scale, a comparison with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) was conducted utilising clinical trial data investigating cerliponase alfa use in CLN2 disease.

Methods: Linear regression and mixed effects models were used to investigate the relationship between the Clinical Rating Scale and PedsQL using open-label, single-arm, phase 1/2 (NCT01907087) and ongoing extension study (NCT02485899) data of 23 children with CLN2 disease treated with cerliponase alfa for ≥96 weeks.

Natural History of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Type 6, Late Infantile Disease.

Background: Mutations in the CLN6 gene cause late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease of childhood onset. Clinically, individuals present with progressive motor and cognitive regression, ataxia, and early death. The aim of this study is to establish natural history data of individuals with classic, late-infantile-onset (age less than five years) CLN6 disease.

Frailty Changes After Liver Transplantation. Results From a Spanish Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Until now, there has been limited evidence, primarily from US cohorts, focusing on frailty as a patient-oriented outcome after liver transplantation (LT). Our study aimed to explore the relationship between pre- and post-LT frailty in a multicenter European cohort of outpatients with cirrhosis undergoing LT.

Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of data from 180 LT recipients recruited between 2018 and 2020 from 5 Spanish centers.

Peripheral retinal finding on fluorescein angiography in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2).

Classically, peripheral vascular changes in the retina in patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2) are described as vascular attenuation seen in the late stages of disease on the Weill Connell Ophthalmic Severity Score (WCOSS) staging system. We describe isolated, mild, peripheral vasculitis with peripheral arteriolar dropout identified by fluorescein angiography in patients with a WCOSS grade of stage 2. We believe this vasculitis represents an early vasodegenerative phase of disease that leads to the vascular attenuation seen in later stages of the disease.

Epithelial zonation along the mouse and human small intestine defines five discrete metabolic domains.

A key aspect of nutrient absorption is the exquisite division of labour across the length of the small intestine, with individual nutrients taken up at different proximal:distal positions. For millennia, the small intestine was thought to comprise three segments with indefinite borders: the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. By examining the fine-scale longitudinal transcriptional patterns that span the mouse and human small intestine, we instead identified five domains of nutrient absorption that mount distinct responses to dietary changes, and three regional stem cell populations.

Language of Chemistry: Making IUPAC Nomenclature Available in Spanish.

Science, including mathematics, physics, and, of course, chemistry, has its own language and symbols and names we learn in school. However, to teach it, communicate it, and use it, we use our own native languages. Most of the scientific literature, including this article, is in English, as are the texts published by the various scientific unions, including the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), to define scientific nomenclature, terminology, and presentation.

Impact of presentation timing in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: Characterization of patients and identification of prognostic factors.

Background: The treatment and surveillance of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has evolved since the introduction of several treatment intensification options associated with hormonal blockade and classifications based on the timing of metastatic disease presentation and disease volume. Using a hospital-based registry, we aimed to assess whether these new classifications are applicable to our population, as few studies have demonstrated their prognostic value for overall survival (OS) and time to development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and to establish prognostic factors in our population.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of mHSPC patients who were attended at an oncology referral hospital in Bogota between 2017 and 2021 were included in this study.

Mirtazapine as Appetite Stimulant in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Anorexia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Currently there is no standard therapy to improve cancer-related anorexia, hampering survival. Mirtazapine has been suggested as a feasible option in this context.

Objectives: To assess the effect of mirtazapine on appetite and energy consumption in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Non-rigid motion-compensated 3D whole-heart T mapping in a hybrid 3T PET-MR system.

Purpose: Simultaneous PET-MRI improves inflammatory cardiac disease diagnosis. However, challenges persist in respiratory motion and mis-registration between free-breathing 3D PET and 2D breath-held MR images. We propose a free-breathing non-rigid motion-compensated 3D T -mapping sequence enabling whole-heart myocardial tissue characterization in a hybrid 3T PET-MR system and provides non-rigid respiratory motion fields to correct also simultaneously acquired PET data.