A New Suppression Index Calculation Using the Visually Enhanced Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex and Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Suppression Paradigms in the Video Head Impulse Test.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study is to calculate the gains of the quantified visually enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex (qVVOR) and the quantified vestibulo-ocular reflex suppression (qVORS), using a specific system to generate a visual suppression index (SI) in healthy subjects obtained through the gains of qVVOR and qVORS, and to determine the normal values of the index, as well as the influence of age and sex variables on the SI.

Methods: This prospective observational clinical study includes 83 healthy subjects who underwent the head impulse and suppression tests (HIMP and SHIMP, respectively), qVVOR, and qVORS tests, all of the vHIT. The sinusoidal tests (qVVOR and qVORS) were conducted at an intended frequency of 0.

The Hearing Function and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Older Adults.

Objective: To examine the association between hearing function, assessed with pure-tone average (PTA) of air conduction thresholds, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) in older adults.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: A total of 1404 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years from the Seniors-ENRICA cohort were examined.

Association Between Speech Reception Threshold in Noise and Multimorbidity: The UK Biobank Study.

Objective: To investigate the association between hearing function, as approached with the functional auditory capacity, and multimorbidity.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: The UK Biobank was established from 2006 to 2010 in the United Kingdom.

A Paradoxical Clinical Coincidence: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo and Bilateral Vestibulopathy.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and bilateral vestibulopathy (BVL) are two completely different forms of vestibular disorder that occasionally occur in the same patient. We conducted a retrospective review searching for that coincidence in our database of the patients seen over a 15-year period and found this disorder in 23 patients, that is 0.4%.

A New Method for Gain Calculation in Quantified Visuo-vestibular Interaction Test.

Objective: To develop a new method to quantify visually-enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR) gain, in patients with vestibular function loss, that is mathematically suitable given the nature of the test, and determine the reliability of the method by comparing results with those of the gold standard, the video head impulse test (vHIT).

Materials And Methods: We developed a new method for VVOR gain quantification and conducted a cross-sectional study in patients diagnosed with vestibular function loss and controls, all participants undergoing both a VVOR test and a vHIT. We measured VVOR gain with three different methods: area under the curve (AUC), slope regression, and a Fourier method (VVOR , VVOR , and VVOR , respectively); and compared these gain values with vHIT gain calculated using the AUC method.

A review of the geometrical basis and the principles underlying the use and interpretation of the video head impulse test (vHIT) in clinical vestibular testing.

This paper is concerned mainly with the assumptions underpinning the actual testing procedure, measurement, and interpretation of the video head impulse test-vHIT. Other papers have reported in detail the artifacts which can interfere with obtaining accurate eye movement results, but here we focus not on artifacts, but on the basic questions about the assumptions and geometrical considerations by which vHIT works. These matters are crucial in understanding and appropriately interpreting the results obtained, especially as vHIT is now being applied to central disorders.

Translation into Spanish and validation of the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI).

Objective: The objectives of this study were to translate into Spanish, cross-culturally adapt and validate the TFI.

Materials And Methods: The TFI questionnaire translated into Spanish (Sp-TFI) and cross-culturally adapted following the published guidelines on cross-cultural adaptation of health questionnaires was evaluated using two indicators. Its internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's α considering the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) as the gold standard.

Synchronized refixation saccades in enhanced VVOR test. A new application for PR score.

Objective: Main objectives for this study were to develop a quantification method to obtain a Perez-Rey (PR) score adapted to the VVOR test and to evaluate the correlation of the PR score obtained with quantified VVOR with the PR score of the vHIT test.

Methods: A new PR score calculation method for quantified VVOR test was developed using the MATLAB computational software based on saccadic response time latency variability between each head oscillation cycle of the VVOR test. Retrospective correlation between PR scores in VVOR and vHIT tests, performed in the same vHIT testing session for patients with vestibular neuritis and vestibular neurectomy, was performed to correlate new PR (VVOR) score with the classic PR (vHIT) score.

Enhanced Eye Velocity With Backup Saccades in vHIT Tests of a Menière Disease Patient: A Case Report.

Reduced eye velocity and overt or covert compensatory saccades during horizontal head impulse testing are the signs of reduced vestibular function. However, here we report the unusual case of a patient who had enhanced eye velocity during horizontal head impulses followed by a corrective saccade. We term this saccade a "backup saccade" because it acts to compensate for the gaze position error caused by the enhanced velocity (and enhanced VOR gain) and acts to return gaze directly to the fixation target as shown by eye position records.

Association Between Hearing Loss and Impaired Physical Function, Frailty, and Disability in Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Study.

Importance: Several studies have examined the association between hearing loss (HL) and physical function, with inconsistent results. Few used pure-tone thresholds and considered possible confounders in the association.

Objective: To examine the association between hearing loss and impaired lower extremity function, frailty syndrome, and disability in older adults.

Enhanced Eye Velocity in Head Impulse Testing-A Possible Indicator of Endolymphatic Hydrops.

On video head impulse testing (vHIT) of semicircular canal function, some patients reliably show enhanced eye velocity and so VOR gains >1.0. Modeling and imaging indicate this could be due to endolymphatic hydrops.

Clinical Prevalence of Enhanced Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Responses on Video Head Impulse Test.

Objective: To measure and analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients and healthy controls with enhanced eye velocity responses as well as evaluate their relationship with endolymphatic hydrops related diseases.

Study Design: Cross-sectional clinical study.

Setting: Tertiary hospital.

Suppression head impulse test paradigm (SHIMP) characteristics in people with Parkinson's disease compared to healthy controls.

The suppression head impulse test paradigm (SHIMP) is a newly described indicator of vestibular function which yields two measures: vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain and a saccadic response. It is an alternative and complementary test to the head impulse test paradigm (HIMP). Parkinson's disease (PD) has known saccadic and central vestibular pathway dysfunction.

Effects of parameters of video head impulse testing on visually enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex and vestibulo-ocular reflex suppression.

Objective: To investigate the main effects of some testing and analysis variables on clinically quantified visually enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR) and vestibulo-ocular reflex suppression (VORS) results using video head impulse test.

Methods: This prospective observational clinical study included 19 healthy participants who underwent the VVOR and VORS tests. The effect of demographic variables, head oscillation frequency, rotation direction, visual acuity and analysis time window width and location of the recorded tests on the quantified results of both VVOR and VORS were evaluated.

Computing Endolymph Hydrodynamics During Head Impulse Test on Normal and Hydropic Vestibular Labyrinth Models.

Build a biologic geometry based computational model to test the hypothesis that, in some circumstances, endolymphatic hydrops can mechanically cause enhanced eye velocity responses during clinical conditions of the head impulse test. Some recent clinical and experimental findings had suggested that enhanced eye velocity responses measured with the video head impulse test could not only be caused by recording artifacts or central disfunction but also could be directly caused by the mechanical effect of endolymphatic hydrops on horizontal semicircular canal receptor. Data from clinical video head impulse test was computed in three biologic-based geometry models governed by Navier-Stokes equations; six head impulses of incrementally increasing peak head velocity were computed in each one of the three different geometric models, depending on absence, canal or utricular hydrops.

Relevance of Artifact Removal and Number of Stimuli for Video Head Impulse Test Examination.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of artifacts on the impulse and response recordings with the video head impulse test (VHIT) and determine how many stimuli are necessary for obtaining acceptably efficient measurements.

Methods: One hundred fifty patients were examined using VHIT and their registries searched for artifacts. We compared several variations of the dataset.

Oscillopsia in Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction: Not Only Gain But Saccades Too.

Objectives: Oscillopsia is a disabling condition for patients with bilateral vestibular hypofunction (BVH). When the vestibulo-ocular reflex is bilaterally impaired, its ability to compensate for rapid head movements must be supported by refixation saccades. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between saccadic strategies and perceived oscillopsia.

Wireless inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based posturography.

Background: Classical posturography techniques have been recently enhanced by the use of different motion tracking devices, but for technical reasons they are not used to track directly the body spatial position of a subject.

Objective: To describe and clinically evaluate a wireless inertial measurement unit-based mobile system to track body position changes.

Methods: The developed system used a calculus transformation method using the acceleration data corrected by Kalman and Butterworth filters to output position data.

Clinical Validity of Quantified Visually Enhanced Vestibulo-ocular Reflex Test to Detect Horizontal Semicircular Canal Hypofunction.

Objective: To investigate the clinical validity of the mathematical measured VVOR test results to detect horizontal semicircular canal hypofunction.

Study Design: Prospective, nonrandomized, observational study.

Setting: Tertiary referral center, hospital.

Enhanced Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Responses on vHIT. Is It a Casual Finding or a Sign of Vestibular Dysfunction?

In current clinical practice, when in response to vHIT testing the observed slow-phase eye-velocity responses are significantly higher than head velocity, the most probable cause is considered to be an inadequate collection method or a recording artifact. We present two cases with clinical diagnoses of Menière's Disease: for both cases, enhanced eye velocity responses were measured with a rigorous vHIT testing protocol. In the first case we measured these enhanced responses on each test performed during a 5 year time series; in the second case multiple measurements were obtained from a patient after the radiologic diagnosis of vestibulo-cochlear hydrops.

Normative data for static balance testing in healthy individuals using open source computerized posturography.

Purpose: Computerized posturography is the gold standard for balance assessment. Because of the great cost and dimensions of commercial equipments, low-cost and portable devices have been developed and validated, such as RombergLab, a software in open source term which works connected with a low-cost force platform. The objective of this study was to obtain normative posturography data using this software.

Visual Performance and Perception as a Target of Saccadic Strategies in Patients With Unilateral Vestibular Loss.

Objectives: To evaluate the ability of saccadic strategies developed during vestibular compensation to reduce the effect of an impaired vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) on a retinal smear and image motion sensation.

Design: Twenty patients with unilateral vestibular loss were examined with a video head impulse test before and after vestibular rehabilitation (VR) with the use of gaze stabilization and refixation saccades training. Head and eye velocity functions were processed to infer the retinal eccentricity, and through its correlation with visual acuity (VA), several measurements are proposed to evaluate the influence of VR on saccades behavior and visual performance.

Mathematical Methods for Measuring the Visually Enhanced Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex and Preliminary Results from Healthy Subjects and Patient Groups.

Background: Visually enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR) is a well-known bedside clinical test to evaluate visuo-vestibular interaction, with clinical applications in patients with neurological and vestibular dysfunctions. Owing to recently developed diagnostic technologies, the possibility to perform an easy and objective measurement of the VVOR has increased, but there is a lack of computational methods designed to obtain an objective VVOR measurement.

Objectives: To develop a method for the assessment of the VVOR to obtain a gain value that compares head and eye velocities and to test this method in patients and healthy subjects.

Vestibulo-ocular reflex gain values in the suppression head impulse test of healthy subjects.

Objective: To assess whether there are differences in vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain for suppression head impulse (SHIMP) and head impulse (HIMP) video head impulse test paradigms, and if so, what are their causes.

Methods: Prospective multicenter observational double-blind nonrandomized clinical study was performed by collecting 80 healthy subjects from four reference hospitals. SHIMP data was postprocessed to eliminate impulses in which early SHIMP saccades were detected.