Subperiosteal delivery of transforming growth factor beta 1 and human growth hormone from mineralized PCL films.

The ability to locally deliver bioactive molecules to distinct regions of the skeleton may provide a novel means by which to improve fracture healing, treat neoplasms or infections, or modulate growth. In this study, we constructed single-sided mineral-coated poly-ε-caprolactone membranes capable of binding and releasing transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and human growth hormone (hGH). After demonstrating biological activity in vitro and characterization of their release, these thin bioabsorbable membranes were surgically implanted using an immature rabbit model.

Hip Pain in Nonambulatory Children with Type-I or II Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Unlabelled: The purpose of the present study was to define the prevalence of hip pain in nonambulatory children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) (type I or II) treated with aggressive medical management, prior to widespread use of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs).

Methods: A retrospective chart review (1993 to 2017) was performed on children diagnosed with SMA to identify subjective reports of hip pain and associated interventions, while radiographs were evaluated to assess hip instability and spinal deformity.

Results: Seventy-two patients (33 with type I and 39 with type II) met the inclusion criteria.

Sagittal Plane Deformities in Children with SMA2 following Posterior Spinal Instrumentation.

This is a retrospective radiographic review to assess post-operative sagittal plane deformities in patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy type 2 that had been treated with posterior spinal instrumentation. Thirty-two patients with a history of either spinal fusion (N = 20) or growing rods (N = 12) were identified with an average of 7.6 (2.

Review of the Safety of Bipolar Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients with Chronic Pain with Implantable Cardiac Rhythm Management Devices.

Background: Chronic pain, especially low back pain and hip pain, has been a growing public health concern that affects over 100 million Americans annually. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has distinct advantages over other chronic pain management modalities and its use has been increasing over the past decade. Among the growing population with comorbid conduction disorders and persistent pain, RFA and its potential interference with implantable cardiac devices is of concern.

Peri-operative management of children with spinal muscular atrophy.

Background And Aims: Current multi-disciplinary management of children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) often requires the surgical management of spinal deformities. We present the outcomes of our peri-operative experience around the time of their spinal surgery and share our neuromuscular perioperative protocol.

Methods: A single-centre retrospective chart review was performed to evaluate all children with SMA types I and II that underwent thoracolumbar spinal deformity correction (posterior spinal fusion or growing rod insertion) from 1990 to 2015.

Effects of tourniquet use in paediatric lower leg surgery.

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of the tourniquet and its effect on post-operative pain in the paediatric population following lower leg procedures.

Methods: A retrospective study of paediatric patients (under the age of 18) undergoing inpatient orthopaedic procedure below the knee performed at a single academic institution between 1st December 2013 and 31st January 2019 was conducted. Primary outcome measures of total opioid consumption during hospital stay and pre-operative nerve block utilization were retrieved from the electronic medical record (EMR).

Is There a Connection Between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Osteochondritis Dissecans?

Background: To determine if children with Osteochondritis Dessicans (OCD) lesions of the distal femur are more likely to have a co-morbid diagnosis of Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) than age matched controls and to assess the impact of ADHD on OCD outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients treated at a single tertiary care hospital between 2000-2012 was performed. Charts were reviewed for a diagnosis of OCD of the distal femur in all skeletally immature patients (males < 16 years and females < 14 years).

Biomechanical Evaluation of a Minimally Invasive Fixation Method for Length Unstable Limb Injuries.

INFIX instrumentation has provided an alternative treatment option for anteriorly unstable pelvic injuries. In this study, we explore the biomechanical feasibility of using an INFIX construct in an unstable longbone model and present a unique clinical case of its use. The external fixation, locked plate and spinal implant constructs (n = 5 each) were applied to lengthunstable fracture models and tested under various loads.

Is prophylactic formal fusion with implant revision necessary in non-ambulatory children with spinal muscular atrophy and growing rods who are no longer lengthened?

Study Design: Single center, retrospective chart review.

Objectives: To determine if routine posterior spinal fusion (PSF) is unnecessary in non-ambulatory growing rod graduates with SMA. Most non-ambulatory children with SMA develop early-onset scoliosis (EOS).

A Prospective, Crossover Survey Study of Child- and Proxy-Reported Quality of Life According to Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type and Medical Interventions.

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy is an autosomal-recessive, progressive neuromuscular disease associated with extensive morbidity. Children with spinal muscular atrophy have potentially increased life spans due to improved nutrition, respiratory support, and novel pharmaceuticals.

Objectives: To report on the quality of life and family experience for children with spinal muscular atrophy with attentiveness to patient- and proxy-concordance and to stratify quality of life reports by spinal muscular atrophy type and medical interventions.

The Measurement of Airflow Using Singing Helmet That Allows Free Movement of the Jaw.

Objectives: Airflow measurement is a useful method of evaluating laryngeal physiology. We introduce a noninvasive device that measures airflow without restricting jaw movement or requiring phonation into a mouthpiece, thus facilitating measurement during singing and connected speech.

Study Design: Validation and human subject trials were conducted.

Corneal Power Distribution and Functional Optical Zone Following Small Incision Lenticule Extraction for Myopia.

Purpose: To evaluate corneal power distribution using the ray tracing method (corneal power) in eyes undergoing small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery and compare the functional optical zone with two lenticular sizes.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 128 patients who underwent SMILE for the correction of myopia and astigmatism with a lenticular diameter of 6.5 mm (the 6.