Identifying risk factors for anal cancer in people with HIV in Spain: a multicentre retrospective cohort study nested in the PISCIS cohort.

Background: People with HIV have a substantially higher risk of anal cancer than the general population. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with the development of anal cancer among people with HIV to implement more effective and targeted screening strategies.

Methods: We conducted a multicentre retrospective cohort study in 16 hospitals across Catalonia and the Balearic Islands, Spain, between Jan 1, 1998, and Dec 31, 2022.

Dynamics of virological and immunological markers of HIV persistence after allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in the IciStem cohort: a prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) markedly reduces HIV reservoirs, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are only partly understood. In this study, we aimed to describe the dynamics of virological and immunological markers of HIV persistence after allo-HSCT.

Methods: In this prospective observational cohort study, we analysed the viral reservoir and serological dynamics in IciStem cohort participants with HIV who had undergone allo-HSCT and were receiving antiretroviral therapy, ten of whom had received cells from donors with the CCR5Δ32 mutation.

Corrigendum: Feasibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen self-testing in school and summer camp attendees.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.

Impact of Obefazimod on Viral Persistence, Inflammation, and Immune Activation in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy.

Background: Persistence of viral reservoirs has been observed in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), despite long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART), and likely contributes to chronic immune activation and inflammation. Obefazimod is a novel drug that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication and reduces inflammation. Here we assess whether obefazimod is safe and might impact HIV-1 persistence, chronic immune activation, and inflammation in ART-suppressed people with HIV.

Feasibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen self-testing in school and summer camp attendees.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 screening is one of the pillars of non-pharmaceutical preventive strategies to early identify and isolate infected individuals and therefore decrease community incidence.

Methods: We assessed the feasibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 self-testing with antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests in attendees of educational settings.

Results: A total of 305 students (88.

Predictors of attrition among adults in a rural HIV clinic in southern Mozambique: 18-year retrospective study.

HIV remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality for people living in many low-income countries. With an HIV prevalence of 12.4% among people aged over 15 years, Mozambique was ranked in 2019 as one of eight countries with the highest HIV rates in the world.

Impact of Mass Workplace COVID-19 Rapid Testing on Health and Healthcare Resource Savings.

: The epidemiological situation generated by COVID-19 has cast into sharp relief the delicate balance between public health priorities and the economy, with businesses obliged to toe the line between employee health and continued production. In an effort to detect as many cases as possible, isolate contacts, cut transmission chains, and limit the spread of the virus in the workplace, mass testing strategies have been implemented in both public health and industrial contexts to minimize the risk of disruption in activity. : To evaluate the economic impact of the mass workplace testing strategy as carried out by a large automotive company in Catalonia in terms of health and healthcare resource savings.

Same-day SARS-CoV-2 antigen test screening in an indoor mass-gathering live music event: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: The banning of mass-gathering indoor events to prevent SARS-CoV-2 spread has had an important effect on local economies. Despite growing evidence on the suitability of antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDT) for mass screening at the event entry, this strategy has not been assessed under controlled conditions. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a prevention strategy during a live indoor concert.

Cancer immunotherapy in special challenging populations: recommendations of the Advisory Committee of Spanish Melanoma Group (GEM).

Cancer immunotherapy based on the use of antibodies targeting the so-called checkpoint inhibitors, such as programmed cell death-1 receptor, its ligand, or CTLA-4, has shown durable clinical benefit and survival improvement in melanoma and other tumors. However, there are some special situations that could be a challenge for clinical management. Persons with chronic infections, such as HIV-1 or viral hepatitis, latent tuberculosis, or a history of solid organ transplantation, could be candidates for cancer immunotherapy, but their management requires a multidisciplinary approach.

Incidence of Recurrent High-Grade Anal Dysplasia in HIV-1-Infected Men and Women Following Infrared Coagulation Ablation: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

This single-center, retrospective cohort study sought to estimate the cumulative incidence in HIV-1-infected patients of biopsy-proven high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN) recurrence after infrared coagulation (IRC) treatment. The study was based on data from a prospectively compiled database of 665 HIV-1-infected outpatients who attended a hospital Clinical Proctology/HIV Unit between January 2012 and December 2015. Patient records were checked to see which ones had received IRC treatment but later experienced a recurrence of HGAIN.

Impact of HIV on the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C virus-infected patients.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has an aggressive presentation and a shorter survival in people with HIV (PWH). This could be due to later diagnosis or lower rates of HCC treatment, and not to HIV infection itself. AIM: :: To assess the impact of HIV on HCC survival in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients.

ADAR1 function affects HPV replication and is associated to recurrent human papillomavirus-induced dysplasia in HIV coinfected individuals.

Infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) alters the microenvironment of keratinocytes as a mechanism to evade the immune system. A-to-I editing by ADAR1 has been reported to regulate innate immunity in response to viral infections. Here, we evaluated the role of ADAR1 in HPV infection in vitro and in vivo.

Natural History of Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in HIV-Positive Men with Normal Baseline Cytology.

The natural history of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) in the anal canal of HIV-infected men is incompletely understood. We assessed the incidence and factors associated with SIL and invasive anal squamous cell carcinoma (IASCC) among HIV-infected men with normal cytology at baseline. We performed a single-center prospective cohort study [men who have sex with men (MSM) and men who have sex with women (MSW)].

Routine Screening of Anal Cytology in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Impact on Invasive Anal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: The efficacy of screening programs to prevent anal cancer in persons with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) is unclear.

Methods: To examine the impact of a screening program to detect anal cancer precursors on the incidence of cases of invasive anal squamous-cell carcinoma (IASCC) in persons with HIV-1, we performed a single-center, retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of outpatients with HIV-1 attending a reference HIV unit from January 2005 onward. All participants were invited to participate in a continued structured screening program for anal cancer prevention.

Clinical results of infrared coagulation as a treatment of high-grade anal dysplasia: a systematic review.

Background: Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) (or low/high grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (L/HSIL)) is the precursor of anal of early invasive anal cancer. Different treatment options for local ablation of localized lesions have been reported. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of infrared coagulation for the treatment of anal dysplasia.

Low performance of ultrasound surveillance for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in HIV-infected patients.

Objective: To assess the performance of ultrasound surveillance for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HIV-infected patients.

Methods: The GEHEP-002 cohort recruits HCC cases diagnosed in HIV-infected patients from 32 centers across Spain. The proportion of 'ultrasound lack of detection', defined as HCC diagnosed within the first 3 months after a normal surveillance ultrasound, and the proportion of 'surveillance failure', defined as cases in which surveillance failed to detect HCC at early stage, were assessed.

Effectiveness of physically ablative and pharmacological treatments for anal condyloma in HIV-infected men.

Background: There is limited information on the effectiveness of available treatments for anal condyloma acuminata in HIV-1-infected men.

Aim: To provide data on the effectiveness of electrosurgical excision, infrared coagulation and pharmacological (imiquimod) treatments for anal condyloma acuminata (peri-anal and/or intra-anal) in HIV-1-infected men based on authors' practice.

Methods: Single-center, retrospective descriptive analysis of HIV-1-infected men, 18 years or older treated for anal condyloma acuminata.

Anal intraepitelial neoplasia: how and for who do we perform a screening program?

In reference to the interesting article published by Silva et al., we believe it is important to comment on some aspects related to anal cytology as a tool for the screening of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) in at risk patients.