Increasing fibre in white flour and bread: Implications for health and processing.

Dietary fibre is beneficial for human health, but dietary intakes are below recommended levels in most countries. Cereals are the major source of dietary fibre in Western diets, with bread providing about 20% of the daily intake in the United Kingdom. Despite the promotion of fibre-rich wholegrain products, white bread (which has a lower fibre content) remains dominant in many countries due to cultural preferences.

Digital nudges to stimulate healthy and pro-environmental food choices in E-groceries.

In response to the detrimental health- and environmental impacts of European consumers' dietary patterns, Nutri-Scores and Eco-Scores have been introduced on packages as guidance for choices. Whereas the scores are promising to improve food choices from a nutritional point of view, the scant available literature suggests very limited effects on the environmental impact of food choices. Therefore, there remains a need to explore ways to bring about improvements in both areas.

Randomized Controlled Trial Substudy of Cell-specific Mechanisms of Janus Kinase 1 Inhibition With Upadacitinib in the Crohn's Disease Intestinal Mucosa: Analysis From the CELEST Study.

Background: Janus kinase (JAK) inhibition shows promise for treatment of patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease. We aimed to provide mechanistic insights into the JAK1-selective inhibitor upadacitinib through a transcriptomics substudy on biopsies from patients with Crohn's disease from CELEST.

Methods: Seventy-four patients consented to this optional substudy.

Multi-omic modelling of inflammatory bowel disease with regularized canonical correlation analysis.

Background: Personalized medicine requires finding relationships between variables that influence a patient's phenotype and predicting an outcome. Sparse generalized canonical correlation analysis identifies relationships between different groups of variables. This method requires establishing a model of the expected interaction between those variables.

Using A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and Body Roundness Index (BRI) to predict risk of metabolic syndrome in Peruvian adults.

Objective: We examined the ability of anthropometric measures to predict the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Peruvian adults.

Methods: Participants were 1,815 Peruvian adults. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Body Roundness Index (BRI) and Visceral Adiposity Index were examined.

PLANET TOPERS: Planets, Tracing the Transfer, Origin, Preservation, and Evolution of their ReservoirS.

The Interuniversity Attraction Pole (IAP) 'PLANET TOPERS' (Planets: Tracing the Transfer, Origin, Preservation, and Evolution of their Reservoirs) addresses the fundamental understanding of the thermal and compositional evolution of the different reservoirs of planetary bodies (core, mantle, crust, atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and space) considering interactions and feedback mechanisms. Here we present the first results after 2 years of project work.

[Prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in residents from Lima and Callao, Peru].

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in residents of districts in metropolitan Lima and Callao, Peru.

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted during September 2006 in people aged 15 years and older, residing in metropolitan Lima and Callao. Participants were selected using a sample of “conglomerados” (neighborhoods) in three stages.

[Results of the epidemiological surveillance of diabetes mellitus in hospitals in Peru, 2012].

Objectives: To describe the findings of a year of epidemiological surveillance in pilot hospitals in Peru belonging to the diabetes surveillance (DS) system.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional study involving diabetic patients in the DS system from 18 hospitals during 2012. The DS database was assessed and epidemiological and laboratory variables were obtained including age, sex, type of diabetes, complications, comorbidity, microalbuminuria, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at two time points - at the time of enrollment and the last followup.

[Study of migratory grief in immigrant patients seen in primary care clinics. Presentation of a migratory grief evaluation questionnaire].

Objectives: To validate a questionnaire designed to show the existence of migratory grief (MG) and its dimensions in the immigrant population, and to study its relationship with certain sociodemographic variables.

Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional, multicentre study.

Emplacement: Consultations in Primary Health Care.

Waist Circumference, Body Mass Index, and Other Measures of Adiposity in Predicting Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Peruvian Adults.

Objectives. To examine the extent to which measures of adiposity can be used to predict selected components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). Methods.

Association between insulin resistance and c-reactive protein among Peruvian adults.

Objective: Insulin resistance (IR), a reduced physiological response of peripheral tissues to the action of insulin, is one of the major causes of type 2 diabetes. We sought to evaluate the relationship between serum C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, and prevalence of IR among Peruvian adults.

Methods: This population based study of 1,525 individuals (569 men and 956 women; mean age 39 years old) was conducted among residents in Lima and Callao, Peru.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its relationship with leisure time physical activity among Peruvian adults.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have suggested an inverse relationship between physical activity and MetS. However, these findings were inconsistent, and few investigators have examined these associations among South Americans.

[Psychosocial nature of chronic illnesses in the dependent elderly].

Objective: To find the psychosocial nature of chronic diseases in elderly dependent persons.

Design: Transversal, observational study.

Setting: Two urban health districts in Granada and Jaén, Spain.

[Factors underlying psycho-social problems].

Objective: To investigate personal and family variables involved in the appearance of psychosocial problems (PSP) and the role of stressful life events (SLE) and Social Network and Support in its genesis; and to construct a profile of a PSP patient.

Design: Transversal, descriptive study.

Setting: Almanjayar Health Centre, Granada, Spain.

Prevalence and correlates of misconduct among ethnically diverse adolescents of Native Hawaiian/ part-Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian ancestry.

Background: Research on the prevalence and correlates of adolescent misconduct, arrests, and juvenile delinquency has been greatly neglected for the ethnically diverse adolescent groups in Hawai'i (i.e. Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders).

Prevalence and Correlates of Misconduct Among Ethnically Diverse Adolescents of Native Hawaiian/Part-Hawaiian and Non-Hawaiian Ancestry.

Background: Research on the prevalence and correlates of adolescent misconduct, arrests, and juvenile delinquency has been greatly neglected for the ethnically diverse adolescent groups in Hawai'i (i.e. Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders).

Evaluation of the European Union Maize Landrace Core Collection for resistance to Sesamia nonagrioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).

Two corn borer species are the principal maize insect pests in Europe, the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), and the pink stem borer, Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefebvre). Hence, it would be advisable to evaluate the European maize germplasm for corn borer resistance to generate European varieties resistant to corn borer attack. The creation of the European Union Maize Landrace Core Collection (EUMLCC) allowed the screening of most of the variability for European corn borer resistance present among European maize local populations from France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, testing a representative sample.

[Obstetric risk: evaluation of existing indices and criteria].

Objectives: To study the validity of the most common systems for evaluating obstetric risk in a random representative sample of pregnant Andalusian women.

Design: Crossover study of 1852 pregnancies of over 28 weeks and in which the women gave birth in the public hospitals of Andalusia (C.I.

[The genogram in the evaluation of natural family vital cycle and its dislocations].

Objectives: To evaluate whether the reading of the genogram allows the stages of the family vital cycle (FVC) and the map of relationships to be identified; and to study how it can be used to find the FVC and its dislocations, and family relationships.

Design: Descriptive crossover study.

Setting: Primary Care.

[A method of detection psychosocial problems at the family physician's office].

Objective: To find the value of the Stressful Vital Events (SVE) scale for detecting patients with psycho-social problems and how these affect family function.

Design: A descriptive, crossover study with systematic sampling.

Setting: Almanjayar Health Centre.

[The perception of health, social support and family function in HIV seropositivity].

Objective: To discover the perception of health, social support and family function for asymptomatic HIV carriers.

Design: This was an observation crossover study, using validated questionnaires.

Setting: Almanjayar and Cartuja Health Centres in Granada.

[The utilization of health services and the motives for consultation as indicators of family dysfunction].

Objective: To analyse the relationship between the reasons for seeking care on demand and use of the health services on the one hand and disturbances in the family dynamic, on the other, with an attempt to determine indicators of family dysfunction.

Design: Crossover descriptive study where the sample was obtained by systematic sampling. The family APGAR test was applied to the whole sample, along with an analysis of the use of services and the reasons for attendance.