Atraumatic Fracture of the Femoral Component of a Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report.

Case: An 81-year-old man presented with severe atraumatic knee pain. Sixteen years before, he had undergone a primary cemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A radiological study showed osteolysis and loosening of the femoral component.

Familial Monkeypox Virus Infection Involving 2 Young Children.

We report intrafamilial transmission of monkeypox virus to all members of a family (father, mother, and 2 children). Case reports in young children have been extremely rare during the 2022 mpox outbreak. Their clinical signs were mild, and clinical diagnosis would be difficult without knowledge of the father's monkeypox virus infection.

Dissection of the macrophage response towards infection by the -viral endosymbiont duo and dynamics of the type I interferon response.

RNA virus 1 (LRV1) is a double-stranded RNA virus found in some strains of the human protozoan parasite , the causative agent of leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease. Interestingly, the presence of LRV1 inside constitutes an important virulence factor that worsens the leishmaniasis outcome in a type I interferon (IFN)-dependent manner and contributes to treatment failure. Understanding how macrophages respond toward alone or in combination with LRV1 as well as the role that type I IFNs may play during infection is fundamental to oversee new therapeutic strategies.

Shoreline Nails: A New Nail Sign of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

With the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a number of nail unit changes have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We report a new unique nail finding within one month of infection and RT-PCR test positivity characterized by an abrupt proximal superficial nail plate change characteristic of shoreline nails. The possibility that this nail change may represent a Koebner phenomenon in patients prone to lichen planus is raised.

The Dangerous Liaisons in the Oxidative Stress Response to Infection.

parasites preferentially invade macrophages, the professional phagocytic cells, at the site of infection. Macrophages play conflicting roles in infection either by the destruction of internalized parasites or by providing a safe shelter for parasite replication. In response to invading pathogens, however, macrophages induce an oxidative burst as a mechanism of defense to promote pathogen removal and contribute to signaling pathways involving inflammation and the immune response.

Trained Immunity Confers Prolonged Protection From Listeriosis.

Trained immunity refers to the ability of the innate immune system exposed to a first challenge to provide an enhanced response to a secondary homologous or heterologous challenge. We reported that training induced with β-glucan one week before infection confers protection against a broad-spectrum of lethal bacterial infections. Whether this protection persists over time is unknown.

Modified internucleoside linkages for nuclease-resistant oligonucleotides.

In the past few years, several drugs derived from nucleic acids have been approved for commercialization and many more are in clinical trials. The sensitivity of these molecules to nuclease digestion implies the need to exploit resistant non-natural nucleotides. Among all the possible modifications, the one concerning the internucleoside linkage is of particular interest.

The antioxidant response favors Leishmania parasites survival, limits inflammation and reprograms the host cell metabolism.

The oxidative burst generated by the host immune system can restrict intracellular parasite entry and growth. While this burst leads to the induction of antioxidative enzymes, the molecular mechanisms and the consequences of this counter-response on the life of intracellular human parasites are largely unknown. The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor (NRF2) could be a key mediator of antioxidant signaling during infection due to the entry of parasites.

Parasite Quantification by Bioluminescence in Murine Models.

Leishmaniasis remains a major public health problem worldwide with a prevalence of 12 million, an incidence of 1 million persons, and 350 million people being at risk. Murine models have been largely used for studying the host-pathogen relationship and developing effective chemotherapies against parasites. Thus, preclinical imaging is crucial for monitoring the disease outcome.

How 3D patient-specific instruments improve accuracy of pelvic bone tumour resection in a cadaveric study.

Objectives: To assess the accuracy of patient-specific instruments (PSIs) standard manual technique and the precision of computer-assisted planning and PSI-guided osteotomies in pelvic tumour resection.

Methods: CT scans were obtained from five female cadaveric pelvises. Five osteotomies were designed using Mimics software: sacroiliac, biplanar supra-acetabular, two parallel iliopubic and ischial.

RNA-directed off/on switch of RNase H activity using boronic ester formation.

RNase H is a non-specific endonuclease which degrades selectively the RNA strand in DNA/RNA duplexes. We demonstrate in the present study that 5'-boronic acid modified oligonucleotides hybridized to a RNA target sequence converts RNase H to an inactivated enzyme complex. The dynamic formation of a boronate ester upon addition of a diol moiety disrupts the enzyme-inhibitor complex and reactivates RNase H.

Mammalian Innate Immune Response to a Leishmania-Resident RNA Virus Increases Macrophage Survival to Promote Parasite Persistence.

Some strains of the protozoan parasite Leishmania guyanensis (L.g) harbor a viral endosymbiont called Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1). LRV1 recognition by TLR-3 increases parasite burden and lesion swelling in vivo.

Nuclease stability of boron-modified nucleic acids: application to label-free mismatch detection.

5'-End boronic acid-modified oligonucleotides were evaluated against various nucleases at single and double stranded levels. The results show that these modifications induce a high resistance to degradation by calf-spleen and snake venom phosphodiesterases. More importantly, this eventually led to the development of a new label-free enzyme-assisted fluorescence-based method for single mismatch detection.

Antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer as a definitive treatment for post-arthroscopy shoulder destructive osteomyelitis: case report and review of literature.

Arthroscopic revision of rotator cuff lesions is an increasingly popular procedure with a relatively safe profile. However, associated deep articular infection has been described, with potentially destructive joint sequelae. When occurring, it poses the double challenge of eradicating the infectious agent while preserving the articulation and its function.