The Italian version of the Coma Recovery Scale for Pediatrics.

Background: The Coma Recovery Scale for Pediatrics (CRS-P) is a modified version of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R). This CRS-P looks at behavioral responses and diagnoses Coma, Vegetative State, MCS and E-MCS in pediatric age. It is an ordinal scale consisting of 29 items divided into 6 subscales.

Short-course Radiotherapy for Airway Stenting in Malignant Airway Obstruction: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Malignant airway obstruction (MAO) secondary to tumor growth occurs in nearly a third of patients with lung cancer and portends a very poor prognosis if untreated. Treatment options include bronchoscopic intervention with tumor debulking, stent placement, endobronchial brachytherapy, or palliative radiotherapy.

Case Report: This is a report of a 74-year-old woman with a medical history of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, hospitalized for dyspnea, hemoptysis, and chest pain with a radiographic finding of MAO on chest X-ray and computed tomography.

Enhancing human-AI collaboration: The case of colonoscopy.

Diagnostic errors impact patient health and healthcare costs. Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows promise in mitigating this burden by supporting Medical Doctors in decision-making. However, the mere display of excellent or even superhuman performance by AI in specific tasks does not guarantee a positive impact on medical practice.

Seeing inferences: brain dynamics and oculomotor signatures of non-verbal deduction.

We often express our thoughts through words, but thinking goes well beyond language. Here we focus on an elementary but basic thinking process, disjunction elimination, elicited by elementary visual scenes deprived of linguistic content, describing its neural and oculomotor correlates. We track two main components of a nonverbal deductive process: the construction of a logical representation (A or B), and its simplification by deduction (not A, therefore B).

Prostate Cancer Treatment-Related Toxicity: Comparison between 3D-Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT) and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) Techniques.

Objective: This paper illustrates the results of a mono-institutional registry trial, aimed to test whether gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity rates were lower in localized prostate cancer patients treated with image-guided volumetric modulated arc therapy (IG-VMAT) compared to those treated with IG-3D conformal radiation therapy (IG-3DCRT). Materials and Methods: Histologically proven prostate cancer patients with organ-confined disease, treated between October 2008 and September 2014 with moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy, were reviewed. Fiducial markers were placed in the prostate gland by transrectal ultrasound guide.

Strategic complexity and cognitive skills affect brain response in interactive decision-making.

Deciding the best action in social settings requires decision-makers to consider their and others' preferences, since the outcome depends on the actions of both. Numerous empirical investigations have demonstrated variability of behavior across individuals in strategic situations. While prosocial, moral, and emotional factors have been intensively investigated to explain this diversity, neuro-cognitive determinants of strategic decision-making and their relation with intelligence remain mostly unknown.

AIRO Breast Cancer Group .

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common tumor in women and represents the leading cause of cancer death. Radiation therapy plays a key-role in the treatment of all breast cancer stages. Therefore, the adoption of evidence-based treatments is warranted, to ensure equity of access and standardization of care in clinical practice.

Experimental evidence of effective human-AI collaboration in medical decision-making.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are precious support for decision-making, with many applications also in the medical domain. The interaction between MDs and AI enjoys a renewed interest following the increased possibilities of deep learning devices. However, we still have limited evidence-based knowledge of the context, design, and psychological mechanisms that craft an optimal human-AI collaboration.

Multidisciplinary Approach to Patients With Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression: A Diagnostic Therapeutic Algorithm to Improve the Neurological Outcome.

Introduction: The morbidity associated with metastatic spinal disease is significant because of spinal cord and/or nerve root compression. The purpose of this paper is to define a diagnostic-therapeutic path for patients with vertebral metastases and from this path to build an algorithm to reduce the devastating consequences of spinal cord compression.

Materials And Methods: The algorithm is born from the experience of a primary care center.

Commercially Available Heart Rate Monitor Repurposed for Automatic Arrhythmia Detection with Snapshot Electrocardiographic Capability: A Pilot Validation.

The usefulness of opportunistic arrhythmia screening strategies, using an electrocardiogram (ECG) or other methods for random "snapshot" assessments is limited by the unexpected and occasional nature of arrhythmias, leading to a high rate of missed diagnosis. We have previously validated a cardiac monitoring system for AF detection pairing simple consumer-grade Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) heart rate (HR) sensors with a smartphone application (RITMIA™, Heart Sentinel srl, Italy). In the current study, we test a significant upgrade to the above-mentioned system, thanks to the technical capability of new HR sensors to run algorithms on the sensor itself and to acquire, and store on-board, single-lead ECG strips.

The neurogenic dysphagia management via telemedicine: a systematic review.

Introduction: Telerehabilitation is the provision of rehabilitation remotely through Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Recently, there has been an increase of interest in its application thanks to increasing a new technology. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the evidence of the literature regarding the management of neurogenic dysphagia via telerehabilitation, compared to face-to-face rehabilitation treatment.

Stereotactic and Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Drugs: Analysis of Local Control, Toxicity, and Outcome in a Single Research Centre Case Study.

Background/aim: We evaluated local control and toxicity in patients receiving radiotherapy associated with immune check point inhibitors and analyzed which oligometastatic disease setting benefits the most from local ablation in terms of advantage in overall survival.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively identified 60 oligoprogressive patients treated with a PD-1 inhibitor in association with radiotherapy on the site of progression (119 lesions).

Results: After a median follow-up of 11.

Brain Abnormalities in Individuals with a Desire for a Healthy Limb Amputation: Somatosensory, Motoric or Both? A Task-Based fMRI Verdict.

Body integrity dysphoria (BID), a long-lasting desire for the amputation of physically healthy limbs, is associated with reduced fMRI resting-state functional connectivity of somatosensory cortices. Here, we used fMRI to evaluate whether these findings could be replicated and expanded using a task-based paradigm. We measured brain activations during somatosensory stimulation and motor tasks for each of the four limbs in ten individuals with a life-long desire for the amputation of the left leg and fourteen controls.

Sudden Cardiac Death Caused by a Fatal Association of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (, p.Arg719Trp), Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (, p.Gly343Lys) and SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 Infection.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH), two of the most common genetic cardiovascular disorders, can lead to sudden cardiac death. These conditions could be complicated by concomitant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection as in the case herein described. A young amateur soccer player died in late October 2020 after a fatal arrhythmia and the autopsy revealed the presence of HCM with diffuse non-obstructive coronary disease.

A multi-institutional analysis of fractionated versus single-fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in the treatment of primary lung tumors: a comparison between two antipodal fractionations.

Objectives: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a consolidate treatment for inoperable early-stage lung tumors, usually delivered in single or multi-fraction regimens. We aimed to compare these two approaches in terms of local effectiveness, safety and survival.

Materials And Methods: Patients affected by medically inoperable early-stage lung tumor were treated at two Institutions with two different schedules: 70 Gy in ten fractions (TF) (BED10: 119 Gy) or 30 Gy in single fraction (SF) (BED10: 120 Gy).

Post-operative management of brain metastases: GRADE-based clinical practice recommendations on behalf of the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO).

Purpose: To perform a systematic review of the current level of evidence on post-operative management following brain metastasectomy (namely: adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery, whole brain radiotherapy or observation), and to propose a GRADE-based dedicated recommendation to inform Radiation Oncologists' clinical practice.

Methods: A panel of expert Radiation Oncologists from the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology had defined the search question per the PICO methodology. Electronic databases were independently screened; the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was adopted.

Radical Hemithoracic Radiotherapy Versus Palliative Radiotherapy in Non-metastatic Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Results from a Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: We conducted a phase 3 randomized clinical trial to assess whether radical hemithoracic radiation therapy (RHR) compared with palliative radiation therapy (PR) can achieve overall survival (OS) advantages in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM).

Methods And Materials: From August 2014 to May 2018, patients with histologically diagnosed nonmetastatic MPM, who underwent nonradical lung-sparing surgery and chemotherapy (CHT), were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive RHR or PR. RHR total dose to the involved pleural cavity was 50 Gy in 25 fractions, and the gross residual disease received a simultaneous integrated boost of 60 Gy.

Local and metastatic curative radiotherapy in patients with de novo oligometastatic prostate cancer.

The aim of this observational study is to investigate whether local consolidative treatment delivered to the primary site and metastatic tumour burden may add survival benefit to de novo oligometastatic prostate cancer (Oligo-PCa) patients. We retrospectively reviewed all Oligo-PCa patients treated with radiotherapy to the primary tumor sites and metastatic tumor burden at our institution between March 2010 and June 2019. All patients having ≤ 5 metastases involving nodes and/or bones, loco-regional and/or extra-pelvic sites, were included.

The neural bases of discourse semantic and pragmatic deficits in patients with frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Neuropsychological research on language has largely focused on how the brain processes single words and sentences whose meaning does not depend on the context or on the intentions of the speaker. Fewer studies have investigated the neurobiological bases of discourse semantics and pragmatics in patients and healthy individuals. We studied discourse semantic and pragmatic skills in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) in comparison to healthy controls.

Post-mastectomy immediate breast reconstruction and adjuvant radiotherapy: long term results of a mono institutional experience.

Introduction: The aim of this paper is to investigate the outcome of patients treated with mastectomy, immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) and post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) and the risk of late complications.

Material And Method: All patients had post-mastectomy, immediate reconstructive surgical procedure by using autologous abdominal implant; tissue expander (TE)/permanent prosthesis (PP); or even combined procedures. Adjuvant external beam radiotherapy treatment (EBRT) was delivered to the reconstructed chest wall and supraclavicular nodes, for a total dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions.

Radiotherapy in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patients with oligo-progression during abiraterone-enzalutamide treatment: a mono-institutional experience.

Background: Some patients experience oligo-progression during androgen receptor targeted therapy (ARTT) treatments. This progression might not indicate a real systemic drug resistance, but a selective monoclonal resistance. With the aim to delay the start of new line treatments we treated oligo-progressive sites with radiotherapy.