Chemokines: A key driver for inflammation in protozoan infection.

Chemokines belong to the group of small proteins within the cytokine family having strong chemo-attractant properties. In most cases, the strong immuno-modulatory role of chemokines is crucial for generating the immune response against pathogens in various protozoan diseases. In this review, we have given a brief update on the classification, characterization, homeostasis, transcellular migration, and immuno-modulatory role of chemokines.

IL-10 Producing Regulatory B Cells Mediated Protection against Murine Malaria Pathogenesis.

Various immune cells are known to participate in combating infection. Regulatory B cells represent a subset of B cells that take part in immunomodulation and control inflammation. The immunoregulatory function of regulatory B cells has been shown in various murine models of several disorders.

CD4ICOSFoxp3: a sub-population of regulatory T cells contribute to malaria pathogenesis.

Background: Regulatory T cells are known to play a key role to counter balance the protective immune response and immune mediated pathology. However, the role of naturally occurring regulatory cells CD4CD25Foxp3 in malaria infection during the disease pathogenesis is controversial. Beside this, ICOS molecule has been shown to be involved in the development and function of regulatory T cell enhance IL-10 production.