Interactions of Antibodies to the Gram-Negative Gastric Bacterium Helicobacter pylori with the Synaptic Calcium Sensor Synaptotagmin 5, Correlate to Impaired Vesicle Recycling in SiMa Human Neuroblastoma Cells.

Due to molecular mimicry, maternal antibacterial antibodies are suspected to promote neurodevelopmental changes in the offspring that finally can cause disorders like autism and schizophrenia. Using a human first trimester prenatal brain multiprotein array (MPA), we demonstrate here that antibodies to the digestive tract bacteria Helicobacter pylori (α-HPy) and Campylobacter jejuni (α-CJe) interact with different synaptic proteins, including the calcium sensor synaptotagmin 5 (Syt5). Interactions of both antisera with Syt5 were confirmed by Western blot with a HEK293-cells overexpression lysate of this protein.

Interactions of antisera to different Chlamydia and Chlamydophila species with the ribosomal protein RPS27a correlate with impaired protein synthesis in a human choroid plexus papilloma cell line.

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and the Chlamydophila species (CS) Chlamydophila pneumoniae (CPn), and Chlamydophila psittaci (CPs) are suggested to induce autoantibodies causative of several human autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of the present study was therefore to identify cellular protein interaction partners with antisera to CT (α-CT) or CS (α-CS) and to identify functional consequences of such interaction in vitro. As detected with a commercial first trimester human prenatal brain multiprotein array (hEXselect, Engine, Germany), the most frequent interaction partner with both α-CT and α-CS was the ribosomal small subunit protein RPS27a.

Crossreactivity of an Antiserum Directed to the Gram-Negative Bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae with the SNARE-Complex Protein Snap23 Correlates to Impaired Exocytosis in SH-SY5Y Cells.

Early maternal infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) correlate to an increased lifetime schizophrenia risk for the offspring, which might be due to an immune-mediated mechanism. Here, we investigated the interactions of polyclonal antisera to NG (α-NG) with a first trimester prenatal brain multiprotein array, revealing among others the SNARE-complex protein Snap23 as a target antigen for α-NG. This interaction was confirmed by Western blot analysis with a recombinant Snap23 protein, whereas the closely related Snap25 failed to interact with α-NG.

Antisera against Neisseria gonorrhoeae cross-react with specific brain proteins of the common marmoset monkey and other nonhuman primate species.

Prenatal maternal infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) correlate with an increased lifetime probability for the offspring to develop psychosis. We could previously demonstrate that in human choroid plexus papilloma cells, anti-NG antibodies (α-NG) bind to mitochondrial proteins HSP60 and ATPB, and interfere with cellular energy metabolism. To assess the in vivo relevance for this, especially during prenatal neural development, we investigated here interactions of NG-specific antisera (α-NG1, α-NG2) with brain, choroid plexus and other non-neural tissues in pre- and perinatal samples of the nonhuman primate (NHP) Callithrix jacchus (CJ), a NHP model for preclinical research.

High Prevalence of Superior Labral Tears Diagnosed by MRI in Middle-Aged Patients With Asymptomatic Shoulders.

Background: The incidence of superior labral surgery has increased in the past decade in the United States, and a contributing factor could be an increased rate of superior labral tears diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Prior MRI studies of the asymptomatic shoulder have focused on rotator cuff pathology or pathology in a narrow and specific group of athletes. Labral abnormalities have not previously been thoroughly evaluated in asymptomatic middle-aged individuals.

Cross-reactivity of Antibodies Directed to the Gram-Negative Bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae With Heat Shock Protein 60 and ATP-Binding Protein Correlates to Reduced Mitochondrial Activity in HIBCPP Choroid Plexus Papilloma Cells.

Antibacterial antibodies can cause neurologic side-effects by cross-reactivity with cellular antigens. Here we investigated interactions of antibodies to Neisseria gonorrhoeae (α-NG) - maternal infections by which increases the offspring's risk for later psychosis-with HIBCPP cells, a cell culture model of choroid plexus epithelium. Immunocytochemistry and Western blotting with α-NG, revealed organelle-like intracellular staining in HIBCPP cells, and labelling of several immunoreactive bands in cellular protein.

Preoperative measurement of ACL insertion sites.

This study was designed to evaluate preoperative predictions of the femoral and tibial ACL insertion lengths. Intraoperative measurements were made of the femoral and tibial ACL insertion lengths with an arthroscopic ruler. A musculoskeletal radiologist and a sports medicine orthopedic surgeon measured the ACL insertions from preoperative magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) in a blinded fashion.

Antibodies directed to the gram-negative bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae cross-react with the 60 kDa heat shock protein and lead to impaired neurite outgrowth in NTera2/D1 cells.

Children of mothers with prenatal gonococcal infections are of increased risk to develop schizophrenic psychosis in later life. The present study hypothesizes an autoimmune mechanism for this, investigating interactions of a commercial rabbit antiserum directed to Neisseria gonorrhoeae (α-NG) with human NTera2/D1 cells, an established in vitro model for human neuronal differentiation. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated α-NG to label antigens on an intracellular organelle, which by Western blot analysis showed a molecular weight shortly below 72 kDa.

Antibodies directed to Neisseria gonorrhoeae impair nerve growth factor-dependent neurite outgrowth in Rat PC12 cells.

In children born from mothers with prenatal infections with the Gram-negative bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, schizophrenia risk is increased in later life. Since cortical neuropil formation is frequently impaired during this disease, actions of a rabbit polyclonal antiserum directed to N. gonorrhoeae on neurite outgrowth in nerve growth factor-stimulated PC12 cells were investigated here.

Efficacy of continuous subacromial bupivacaine infusion for pain control after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Background And Hypothesis: Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair can be a painful outpatient procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of continuous subacromial bupivacaine infusion to relieve pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. We hypothesized that patients receiving continuous subacromial bupivacaine infusions after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair will have less postoperative pain in the early postoperative period than placebo and control groups.

Sensitivity and specificity of noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging reports in the diagnosis of type-II superior labral anterior-posterior lesions in the community setting.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been suggested to be of high accuracy at academic institutions in the identification of superior labral tears; however, many Type-II superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) lesions encountered during arthroscopy have not been previously diagnosed with noncontrast images. This study evaluated the accuracy of diagnosing Type-II SLAP lesions in a community setting with use of noncontrast MRI and analyzed the effect that radiologist training and the scanner type or magnet strength had on sensitivity and specificity.

Methods: One hundred and forty-four patients requiring repair of an arthroscopically confirmed Type-II SLAP lesion who had a noncontrast MRI examination performed within twelve months before the procedure were included in the sensitivity analysis.

Shoulder MRI accuracy in the community setting.

Hypothesis/background: Evaluate the accuracy for shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) interpretations of typical community radiologists and compare this to selected fellowship trained musculoskeletal radiologists.

Methods: The MRIs of 104 shoulders of 100 consecutive different patients who had undergone shoulder arthroscopy by a single surgeon were included in this prospective study. The 104 typed MRI reports of community radiologists were examined, and the positive or negative findings were recorded for the anterior, superior, and posterior labra, and the long head biceps tendon and rotator cuff.

Tamoxifen and raloxifene modulate gap junction coupling during early phases of retinoic acid-dependent neuronal differentiation of NTera2/D1 cells.

Gap junctions (GJ) represent a cellular communication system known to influence neuronal differentiation and survival. To assess a putative role of this system for neural effects of tamoxifen (TAM) and raloxifene (RAL), we used the human teratocarcinoma cell line NTera2/D1, retinoic acid (RA)-dependent neuronal differentiation of which is regulated by gap junctions formed of connexin43 (Cx43). As demonstrated by Western blot analysis, concentrations above 1 µmol/l for TAM, and 0.

Loss of connexin36 in rat hippocampus and cerebellar cortex in persistent Borna disease virus infection.

Neonatal Borna disease virus (BDV) infection of the Lewis rat leads to progressive degeneration of dentate gyrus granule cells, and cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Our aim here was to clarify whether BDV interfered with the formation of electrical synapses, and we, therefore, analysed expression of the neuronal gap junction protein connexin36 (Cx36) in the Lewis rat hippocampal formation, and cerebellar cortex, 4 and 8 weeks after neonatal infection. Semiquantitative RT-PCR, revealed a BDV-dependent decrease in Cx36 mRNA in the hippocampal formation 4 and 8 weeks post-infection (p.

Origin of CD11b+ macrophage-like cells in the CNS of PLP-overexpressing mice: low influx of haematogenous macrophages and unchanged blood-brain-barrier in the optic nerve.

We have recently reported that overexpression of proteolipid protein in oligodendrocytes leads to a pathologically relevant increase of both CD8+ T-lymphocytes and CD11b+ cells in the CNS. We now focussed on the origin of the CD11b+ cells in the optic nerve, a well established structure for the analysis of the mutant, using bone marrow chimeric mice. Although there is an age-related increase in CD11b+ cells in the myelinated part of the optic nerve of the mutants, the percentage of infiltrating cells was not increased, but enhanced proliferation was detectable.

Layer specific changes of astroglial gap junctions in the rat cerebellar cortex by persistent Borna Disease Virus infection.

Neonatal Borna Disease Virus (BDV) infection of the Lewis rat brain, leads to Purkinje cell degeneration, in association with astroglial activation. Since astroglial gap junctions (GJ) are known to influence neuronal degeneration, we investigated BDV dependent changes in astroglial GJ connexins (Cx) Cx43, and Cx30 in the Lewis rat cerebellum, 4, and 8 weeks after neonatal infection. On the mRNA level, RT-PCR demonstrated a BDV dependent increase in cerebellar Cx43, and a decrease in Cx30, 8, but not 4 weeks p.

Persistent Borna Disease Virus infection changes expression and function of astroglial gap junctions in vivo and in vitro.

Neonatal Borna Disease Virus (BDV) infection of the Lewis rat brain leads to dentate gyrus (DG) degeneration, underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Since astroglial gap junction (GJ) coupling is known to influence neurodegenerative processes, the question arose whether persistent BDV infection influences astroglial connexins (Cx) Cx43 and Cx30 in the hippocampal formation (HiF) of Lewis rats. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis of forebrain (FB) samples revealed a virus dependent reduction of both Cx types 8 but not 4 weeks post infection (p.

Effect of delayed treatment on open tibial shaft fractures.

Open tibial shaft fractures were analyzed retrospectively to determine the effect of treatment timing on infection and nonunion rates. The cases of 77 patients with 81 open tibial shaft fractures were reviewed. Patients were treated with initial wound cleansing and splinting in the emergency department and then formally with operative irrigation and débridement and stabilization, which included intramedullary (IM) nailing, external fixation, open reduction and internal fixation, or splinting.

Magnetic resonance imaging accuracy for the diagnosis of superior labrum anterior-posterior lesions in the community setting: eighty-three arthroscopically confirmed cases.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown in the literature to have high accuracy for the diagnosis of superior labrum anterior-to-posterior (SLAP) lesions. However, these studies have been performed at specialized institutions and have not been evaluated for community settings. Our hypothesis was that MRI diagnosis of SLAP lesions in the community setting is not as accurate as suggested by previous literature.

Proximal femoral epiphysiolysis during reduction of hip dislocation in adolescents.

Traumatic hip dislocation is an uncommon injury in children. The urgency of closed reduction to prevent possible osteonecrosis may present some pitfalls. Adolescents with open proximal femoral physis may have sustained trauma to the physis at the time of dislocation that can lead to displacement of the epiphysis during the reduction maneuver.

Managing anterior shoulder instability with bracing: an expanded update.

This article provides an updated report on functional bracing for anterior shoulder instability. A classification of shoulder braces is reintroduced into three separate types. Type A braces limit shoulder motion to a "safe zone," whereas types B and C apply indirect and direct stabilizing forces to the joint, respectively.

Functions of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and FGF-5 in astroglial differentiation and blood-brain barrier permeability: evidence from mouse mutants.

Multiple evidence suggests that fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), most prominently FGF-2, affect astroglial proliferation, maturation, and transition to a reactive phenotype in vitro, and after exogenous administration, in vivo. Whether this reflects a physiological role of endogenous FGF is unknown. Using FGF-2 and FGF-5 single- and double mutant mice we show now a region-specific reduction of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), but not of S100 in gray matter astrocytes.

Fibroblast growth factors and their receptors in the central nervous system.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors constitute an elaborate signaling system that participates in many developmental and repair processes of virtually all mammalian tissues. Among the 23 FGF members, ten have been identified in the brain. Four FGF receptors (FGFRs), receptor tyrosine kinases, are known so far.

Expression and developmental regulation of gap junction connexins cx26, cx32, cx43 and cx45 in the rat midbrain-floor.

Connexins (cx) constitute a family of transmembrane proteins that form gap junction channels allowing metabolic and electrical coupling of cellular networks. Initial studies on the expression of cx in the developing brain have suggested that cx may undergo dynamic changes and may possibly be implicated in synchronizing development and differentiation of neural progenitor cells and young neurons. We have investigated expression of cx26, cx32, cx43, and cx45 in the midbrain floor, where nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons originate and differentiate.

Dopamine and epinephrine, but not serotonin, downregulate dopamine sensitivity in cultured cortical and striatal astroglial cells.

Biogenic amines are important in the regulation of neuronal functions and complex behavior in the brain. However, putative contributions of glial cells to physiological effects of aminergic transmitters and their pathophysiological implications are poorly understood. Astrocytes are known to respond to dopamine (DA) with calcium transients that can be blocked by the D1- and D2-receptor subtype specific antagonists SCH23390 and Sulpiride.