Sub-multiplicative interaction between polygenic risk score and household coal use in relation to lung adenocarcinoma among never-smoking women in Asia.

We previously identified 10 lung adenocarcinoma susceptibility loci in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted in the Female Lung Cancer Consortium in Asia (FLCCA), the largest genomic study of lung cancer among never-smoking women to date. Furthermore, household coal use for cooking and heating has been linked to lung cancer in Asia, especially in Xuanwei, China. We investigated the potential interaction between genetic susceptibility and coal use in FLCCA.

Tuberculosis infection and lung adenocarcinoma: Mendelian randomization and pathway analysis of genome-wide association study data from never-smoking Asian women.

We investigated whether genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) influences lung adenocarcinoma development among never-smokers using TB genome-wide association study (GWAS) results within the Female Lung Cancer Consortium in Asia. Pathway analysis with the adaptive rank truncated product method was used to assess the association between a TB-related gene-set and lung adenocarcinoma using GWAS data from 5512 lung adenocarcinoma cases and 6277 controls. The gene-set consisted of 31 genes containing known/suggestive associations with genetic variants from previous TB-GWAS.

Association between GWAS-identified lung adenocarcinoma susceptibility loci and EGFR mutations in never-smoking Asian women, and comparison with findings from Western populations.

To evaluate associations by EGFR mutation status for lung adenocarcinoma risk among never-smoking Asian women, we conducted a meta-analysis of 11 loci previously identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Genotyping in an additional 10,780 never-smoking cases and 10,938 never-smoking controls from Asia confirmed associations with eight known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Two new signals were observed at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8), namely, rs7216064 (17q24.

A prospective study of the use of circulating markers as predictors for epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment in pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Background: The use of liquid tissue, such as circulating cells, to predict treatment response is attracting more attention.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate association between circulating markers and treatment response.

Methods: One hundred and twelve advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients who were going to receive epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) were included.

Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for Thirteen Cancer Types.

Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites.

Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients.

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Treatment and Salvage Chemotherapy in EGFR-Mutated Elderly Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Patients.

Background: Lung cancer is frequently a disease of elderly patients. However, these patients are often treated less actively owing to a higher comorbidity rate and poor performance status. The efficacy of different treatments in elderly patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated lung cancer is still unknown.

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Treatment Response in Advanced Lung Adenocarcinomas with G719X/L861Q/S768I Mutations.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) is the standard therapy for advanced lung adenocarcinomas with common EGFR mutations. Preclinical studies have suggested that uncommon G719X, L861Q, and S768I mutations are also sensitive to EGFR-TKIs. However, the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in patients with these uncommon mutations remains unclear.

Interactions between household air pollution and GWAS-identified lung cancer susceptibility markers in the Female Lung Cancer Consortium in Asia (FLCCA).

We previously carried out a multi-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) on lung cancer among never smokers in the Female Lung Cancer Consortium in Asia (FLCCA) (6,609 cases, 7,457 controls) that identified novel susceptibility loci at 10q25.2, 6q22.2, and 6p21.

Number of liver metastatic nodules affects treatment options for pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients with liver metastases.

Background: In patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the development of liver metastasis (LM) is a poor prognostic factor. Whether systemic treatment combined with local treatment for LM has benefit for NSCLC patients with LM is unknown.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the clinical data and tumor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status of 673 pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients, including 85 patients who developed LM at any time point in the course of the disease.

Circulating free mitochondrial DNA concentration and its association with erlotinib treatment in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Changes in circulating free DNA concentrations have been correlated with chemotherapeutic effects in solid tumors. The present study was designed to determine and compare the changes in circulating free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) concentrations prior to and following erlotinib treatment, as well as the potential prognostic value of plasma mtDNA. Patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung who were to receive erlotinib treatment were enrolled in the present study once informed consent had been obtained.

The epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor era has changed the causes of death of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are effective against tumor EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with the tumor EGFR-activating mutation (EGFRmu) had superior survival, compared to patients with EGFR wild-type tumors (EGFRwt). Many patients with the EGFRmu have had disease progression with EGFR-TKI treatment because of central nervous system (CNS) metastases.

The association between tumor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and multiple primary malignancies in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lungs.

Objectives: An increased incidence of multiple primary malignancies has been found in recent decades. However, the nature of the association between the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status and multiple primary malignancies in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lungs is not clearly understood at this time.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of our patients with adenocarcinoma of the lungs, and evaluated the association between the tumor EGFR mutation status and multiple primary malignancies.

Erlotinib has better efficacy than gefitinib in adenocarcinoma patients without EGFR-activating mutations, but similar efficacy in patients with EGFR-activating mutations.

Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are an effective treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy of gefitinib and erlotinib in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma, whose tumor EGFR mutation status was known. Pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients who began receiving gefitinib or erlotinib treatment from January 2005 to December 2010, and whose tumor EGFR mutation status had been determined, were included.

Plasma epidermal growth factor receptor mutation analysis and possible clinical applications in pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients treated with erlotinib.

Tumor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation analysis is significant for making treatment decisions for metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma. However, less than half of patients have adequate tumor samples for mutation analysis. Patients with adenocarcinoma of the lungs who were due to receive erlotinib treatment were included in the present study.

Vandetanib Versus placebo in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer after prior therapy with an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor: a randomized, double-blind phase III trial (ZEPHYR).

Purpose: Vandetanib is a once-daily oral inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and RET signaling. This placebo-controlled trial assessed whether vandetanib conferred an overall survival benefit in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after prior treatment with an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor and one or two chemotherapy regimens.

Patients And Methods: Eligible patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive vandetanib 300 mg/d or placebo until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Association between tumor epidermal growth factor receptor mutation and pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lungs.

Background: The possible association between pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer development has been studied for several decades. However, the association between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status and pulmonary TB in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lungs is unknown.

Methods: We reviewed the data of our patients with adenocarcinoma of the lungs who had a clinical history of pulmonary TB or old TB lesions shown on chest computed tomography scan and evaluated the association between tumor EGFR mutation status and pulmonary TB.

Phase II randomized trial of erlotinib or vinorelbine in chemonaive, advanced, non-small cell lung cancer patients aged 70 years or older.

Introduction: The primary objective of this study was to compare the response rates of elderly, chemonaive patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with daily oral erlotinib versus oral vinorelbine.

Methods: Chemonaive Taiwanese patients aged 70 years or older who had advanced NSCLC were randomized to receive either oral erlotinib 150 mg (E) daily or oral vinorelbine 60 mg/m (V) on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks.

Results: From February 2007 to July 2008, 116 patients were enrolled and 113 were included in the intent-to-treat population: 57 patients in the E group and 56 patients in the V group.

IV delivery of induced pluripotent stem cells attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in mice.

Background: Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are novel stem cell populations, but the role of iPS cells in acute lung injury (ALI) is not currently known. We investigated the effect of iPS cells in modifying the pathophysiology of endotoxin-induced ALI.

Methods: Male C57BL/6 8- to 12-week-old mice were enrolled in this study.

Third-line or fourth-line chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with relatively good performance status.

Background: Our aim here was to explore treatment efficacy of pemetrexed and docetaxel in non-small-cell lung cancer patients who had failed previous chemotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical data of our non-small-cell lung cancer patients who received third- or fourth-line chemotherapy with pemetrexed or docetaxel in our institution from January 2006 to December 2009.

Results: One hundred and twenty-three patients received treatment, including 85 patients with pemetrexed treatment and 38 patients with docetaxel treatment.

A phase II randomized trial of gefitinib alone or with tegafur/uracil treatment in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma who had failed previous chemotherapy.

Background: Tegafur/uracil (UFT) is suitable for metronomic chemotherapy because of its underlying antiangiogenesis mechanism. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of adding daily oral UFT to gefitinib treatment in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma who had failed previous chemotherapy.

Methods: Taiwanese patients who had adenocarcinoma of the lung and failed previous chemotherapy were randomized into gefitinib 250 mg daily alone (G) or plus daily oral UFT (GU).

Plasma soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 levels predict outcomes of pneumonia-related septic shock patients: a prospective observational study.

Introduction: Despite recent advances in the management of septic shock, mortality rates are still unacceptably high. Early identification of the high-mortality risk group for early intervention remains an issue under exploration. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sVEGFR1) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) have diverse effects in the pathogenesis of sepsis, which involve pro-inflammation, anti-inflammation, endothelial cell repair, and vascular permeability change.

Different efficacies of erlotinib and gefitinib in taiwanese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective multicenter study.

Introduction: Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors are used as effective first-line and salvage therapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in East Asia. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of gefitinib and erlotinib in Taiwanese patients with advanced NSCLC.

Methods: Clinical data of NSCLC patients treated with gefitinib or erlotinib from January 2004 to December 2008 were collected retrospectively.