Inter- and Intra-Specific Variations in Phenotypic Traits of Strains Isolated from Diverse Eudicots and Monocots in Taiwan.

spp. are phytopathogenic bacteria whose phylogeny has been continuously revised throughout the years. Previous studies on 's phenotypic diversity often analyzed strains obtained from specific crops or adopted outdated classification systems.

First report of a ' Phytoplasma australasiaticum'-related phytoplasma strain associated with shoot proliferation disease of variegated croton in Taiwan.

(family Euphorbiaceae) is a leaf ornamental commonly known as variegated croton, which is often found in gardens or grown as indoor plants. In December of 2022, two cutting-propagated variegated croton plants exhibiting abnormal shoot proliferation and little leaf symptoms (Fig. S1) were found in a nursery owned by a private breeder in Wanluan Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan.

Rapid selection of potyviral cross-protection effective mutants from the local lesion host after nitrous acid mutagenesis.

Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) seriously damages cucurbits worldwide. Control of ZYMV by cross-protection has been practised for decades, but selecting useful mild viruses is time-consuming and laborious. Most attenuated potyviruses used for cross-protection do not induce hypersensitive reaction (HR) in Chenopodium quinoa, a local lesion host Chenopodium quinoa.

Modification of the N-terminal FWKG-αH1 element of potyviral HC-Pro affects its multiple functions and generates effective attenuated mutants for cross-protection.

Control of plant viruses by cross-protection is limited by the availability of effective protective strains. Incorporation of an NIa-protease processing site in the extreme N-terminal region of the helper component protease (HC-Pro) of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) resulted in a mutant virus TuHN I that induced highly attenuated symptoms. Recombination analysis verified that two variations, F7I mutation and amino acid 7-upstream-deletion, in HC-Pro co-determined TuHN I attenuation.