How Loyalty Trials Shape Allegiance to Political Order.

"Loyalty trials" are common to a range of conflict settings, with consequences that range from harassment to imprisonment, torture, or death. Yet, they have received little if any attention as a general phenomenon in studies of state repression, civil war, or rebel governance, which focus on particular behaviors that authorities use to put people on trial, such as dissent, defection, and resistance. Using a computational model and data on the German Democratic Republic and the Occupied Palestinian Territories, we focus on the dynamics of "loyalty trials" held to identify enemy collaborators-the interaction between expectations, perceptions, and behavior.

Free subchondral screws in tibial plateau fractures: do they hinder a total knee arthroplasty? Strategies to prevent complications.

Open reduction and internal fixation of extended lateral column tibial plateau fractures through a tibial condyle osteotomy and limited arthrotomy with the use of free subchondral locking screws is a straightforward and safe technique. However, these free subchondral screws are enclosed in the subchondral bone and therefore virtually impossible to remove after bone healing. The question arises whether these free subchondral screws might hinder a future total knee arthroplasty.

Household behavior and vulnerability to acute malnutrition in Kenya.

Anticipating those most at-risk of being acutely malnourished significantly shapes decisions that pertain to resource allocation and intervention in times of food crises. Yet, the assumption that household behavior in times of crisis is homogeneous-that households share the same capacity to adapt to external shocks-ostensibly prevails. This assumption fails to explain why, in a given geographical context, some households remain more vulnerable to acute malnutrition relative to others, and why a given risk factor may have a differential effect across households? In an effort to explore how variation in household behavior influences vulnerability to malnutrition, we use a unique household dataset that spans 23 Kenyan counties from 2016 to 2020 to seed, calibrate, and validate an evidence-driven computational model.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1284-1382.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from coastal sea sand. , on soil, on dead wood, from roots and leaves of and from capsules of , (incl. gen.

Trauma mechanism and patient reported outcome in tibial plateau fractures with posterior involvement.

Introduction: Posterior tibial plateau fractures (PTPF) have a high impact on functional outcome and the optimal treatment strategy is not well established. The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between trauma mechanism, fracture morphology and functional outcome in a large multicenter cohort and define possible strategies to improve the outcome.

Methods: An international retrospective cohort study was conducted in five level-1 trauma centers.

Posterior tibial plateau fracture treatment with the new WAVE posterior proximal tibia plate: feasibility and first results.

Introduction: Operative management of posterior tibial plateau fractures (PTPF) remains challenging. The treatment goal is to restore the alignment and articular congruence, and providing sufficient stability which allows early mobilization. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of the newly developed WAVE posterior proximal tibia plate.

A Method for the Validation of Simulated Mixing Characteristics of Two Dynamic Mixers in Single-Screw Extrusion.

The field of simulation and optimisation of dynamic mixing elements ('mixers') is lacking good methods for spatially resolved validation and flow visualisation. For this reason, the authors present an experimental setup that gives better insight into the thermal, distributive and dispersive mixing process by measuring melt temperatures upstream of the mixer and injecting a secondary, visually distinguishable stream of melt upstream. Running extrusion trials for a polyethylene on both a rhomboidal and a Maddock mixer, temperatures, gray scale distribution of images of extrudates and size of dispersed domains in incompatible polystyrene were measured.

Poor sporting abilities after tibial plateau fractures involving the posterior column: how can we do better?

Purpose: Tibial plateau fractures with the involvement of the posterior column are an important prognostic factor towards poor functional outcome. We aimed to assess the sporting abilities postoperatively with special emphasis on the type of sports and sport-specific movements, as well as time needed to resume sports, restricting factors in sports engagement, and patient satisfaction. We aimed to provide prognostic information on return to sports.

Functional outcome and economic burden of operative management of patellar fractures: the pivotal role of onerous implants.

Objectives: The complication rate following operative treatment of patellar fractures remains high and is associated with a poor functional outcome. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate our functional outcome of patellar fracture osteosynthesis and define strategies to improve the outcome. The healthcare costs and utilization were calculated.

Functional outcome of intra-articular tibial plateau fractures: the impact of posterior column fractures.

Abastract: INTRODUCTION: Although regularly ignored, there is growing evidence that posterior tibial plateau fractures affect the functional outcome. The goal of this study was to assess the incidence of posterior column fractures and its impact on functional outcome and general health status. We aimed to identify all clinical variables that influence the outcome and improve insights in the treatment strategies.

[Intra-articulair tibial Plateau Fractures].

Tibial plateau fractures are complex articular injuries, especially if caused by high energy. For adequate treatment a decidedly clinical and radiographic diagnostic is required. The three-column-concept has proven as excellent surgical planningstool in this complex trauma.

[Open reduction and internal fixation of lateral tibial plateau fractures with free subchondral 2.7 mm screws].

Objectives: Exact reconstruction of the depressed articular surface and stable subchondral fixation of the lateral tibial plateau (ORIF, "open reduction and internal fixation").

Indications: Tibial plateau fractures with involvement of the lateral column and depression of the articular surface.

Contraindications: Critical soft tissue.

The use of gentamicin-coated nails in complex open tibia fracture and revision cases: A retrospective analysis of a single centre case series and review of the literature.

Introduction: Despite modern advances in fracture care, deep (implant-related) infection remains a problem in the treatment of tibia fractures. There is some evidence that antibiotic-coated implants are beneficial in the prevention of this sometimes devastating complication. In the following study we describe our results using a gentamicin-coated intramedullary tibia nail (Expert Tibia Nail (ETN) PROtect™) for the surgical treatment of complex open tibia fracture and revision cases.

Impaired glucocorticoid receptor function evolves in aberrant physiological responses to bacterial endotoxin.

The consequences of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) dysfunction for neuroimmunoendocrine responses to an inflammatory challenge were studied in transgenic mice expressing antisense RNA directed against the GR [GR-impaired (GR-i) mice]. Mice were implanted intraperitoneally with a biotelemetry transmitter to monitor body temperature and locomotion. GR-i mice showed decreased locomotion and body temperature during the dark phase of the diurnal cycle.