Preparation and functionalization of multilayer fullerenes (carbon nano-onions).

Carbon nano-onions (CNOs) represent a still largely unexplored carbon allotrope. Promising properties of these unique carbon structures are driving the research efforts in this area, but many technical problems remain in their preparation, derivatization, separation and characterization. In this article, we report the preparation, partial purification, and multiple functionalization and solubilization of CNOs.

Hyperhomocysteinemia in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis is not influenced by methotrexate treatment and folic acid supplementation: a pilot study.

Objective: Our first objective was to compare plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients requiring methotrexate (MTX) treatment and healthy children. Our second aim was to evaluate the influence of low-dose (10-15 mg/m2/week) MTX treatment combined with folic acid supplementation (1 mg/d) or placebo on tHcy concentrations in JIA patients.

Methods: In 17 JIA patients and 17 age- and sex-matched healthy children, baseline tHcy concentrations were measured.

Danaparoid sodium (Orgaran) in four children with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II.

Unlabelled: We report on four children with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II. In three patients, therapy with unfractionated heparin was associated with development of cardiac thrombi or with thrombosis progression up to the inferior vena cava or with aggravation of peripheral arterial occlusion. In the fourth child, the disease was recognized early on, and no complication occurred.

The Austrian version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ).

We report herein the results of the cross-cultural adaptation and validation into the Austrian language of the parentís version of two health related quality of life instruments. The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) is a disease specific health instrument that measures functional ability in daily living activities in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) is a generic health instrument designed to capture the physical and psychosocial well-being of children independently from the underlying disease.

Azomethine Imines in Four- and Five-Membered Rings: Stable Cyclic Valence Isomers of an α-(Phenyldiazenyl)ketocarbene.

The expected Wolff rearrangement of the ketocarbene intermediate 2, formed upon rhodium(II)-catalyzed elimination of nitrogen from diazoketone 1, does not occur. Instead, by incorporation of the neighboring diazene group the surprisingly stable, crystalline azomethine imines 3 and 4 are formed as cyclic valence isomers of 2. Compound 4, which contains a five-membered ring, is the first representative of a carba-sydnone and can also be obtained by acid-catalyzed isomerization of 3 at 50-70°C.