Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme has low diagnostic value for pediatric sarcoid uveitis.

Purpose: Sarcoid uveitis is rare in the pediatric population. Early diagnosis is challenging and is crucial, due to more severe complications. Diagnosis relies on various criteria, including elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels.

Macrophage IL-1β-positive microvesicles exhibit thrombo-inflammatory properties and are detectable in patients with active juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Objective: IL-1β is a leaderless cytokine with poorly known secretory mechanisms that is barely detectable in serum of patients, including those with an IL-1β-mediated disease such as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). Leukocyte microvesicles (MVs) may be a mechanism of IL-1β secretion. The first objective of our study was to characterize IL-1β-positive MVs obtained from macrophage cell culture supernatants and to investigate their biological functions and .

Real-life study of the role of high-flow nasal cannula for bronchiolitis in children younger than 3 months hospitalised in general pediatric departments.

We aimed to describe the real-life role of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for bronchiolitis in infants under 3 months of age admitted to three general pediatric departments during the 2017-2018 epidemic period. We retrospectively assessed the clinical severity (Wang score) for every 24-h period of treatment (H0-H24 and H24-H48) according to the initiated medical care (HFNC, oxygen via nasal cannula, or supportive treatments only), the child's discomfort (EDIN score), and transfer to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). A total of 138 infants were included: 47±53 days old, 4661±851.

Non accidental repeated lithium poisoning in a child: The role of hair analysis.

Non accidental intoxication due to child abuse is rare and its frequency is likely underestimated because it is difficult to diagnose. Here, we report a case of voluntary repeated exposure to lithium in an infant, for whom the clinical manifestations were convulsions. Toxicological analysis was very helpful for documenting lithium exposure during the assumed period of time.

Pulmonary contusion after bumper car collision: Case report and review of the literature.

Thoracic trauma is a major source of morbi-mortality in injured children. Their pliable chest wall makes pulmonary contusion the most common chest injury. It is most often secondary to blunt trauma caused by traffic accidents.

Early Halt of a Randomized Controlled Study with 3% Hypertonic Saline in Acute Bronchiolitis.

Background: Albeit not recommended because of contradictory results, nebulized 3% hypertonic saline is widely used for treating acute viral bronchiolitis. Whether clinical differences may be attributed to the type of nebulizer used has never been studied.

Objectives: By modifying the amount of salt deposited into the airways, the nebulizer characteristics might influence clinical response.

Prescription errors related to the use of computerized provider order-entry system for pediatric patients.

Objectives: To evaluate the nature and frequency of medication errors resulting from the use of a computerized provider order-entry (CPOE) system in a pediatric department.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to examine errors related to computerized orders using the software Pharma (Computer Engineering, France) in pediatric department between 31/05/2015 to 01/12/2015. These errors were signaled by pharmacists who examine CPOEs daily.

[Chest X-ray and acute bronchiolitis: Are these indications decreasing?].

Objective: A management protocol for infants hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis, established after the study conducted in our unit in 2012, recommends a chest X-ray when the clinical course is unusual or if a differential diagnosis is suspected. The goal of this study was to evaluate professional practices after the introduction of this new management protocol.

Study Design: Retrospective descriptive study in two pediatric units from October 2013 to March 2015, including infants (0-23 months) hospitalized for their first episode of acute bronchiolitis without any underlying chronic condition.

[Juvenile dermatomyositis and new autoantibodies: Cases and review].

Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common inflammatory myopathy in children. Its diagnosis is usually made on a clinical basis following the criteria of Bohan and Peter (1975). Recently, the presence of myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) have started to be associated with specific outcome in adult patients; the diagnosis and prognosis value of these autoantibodies remains to be identified in children.

[Disseminated BCG disease revealing a partial deficiency in receptor 1 interferon gamma].

We report on a case of disseminated BCGitis with an unusual presentation in a 4-month-old infant revealing a syndrome of Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacteria due to a partial dominant mutation of the interferon gamma receptor 1 gene.

[Bronchiectasis revealing triple A syndrome].

We report on the case of a 3-year-old child presenting bilateral bronchiectasis due to recurrent pneumonia with esophageal achalasia. The final diagnosis was triple A syndrome. This presentation is particularly atypical and rare at this age.

Amatoxin-containing mushroom (Lepiota brunneoincarnata) familial poisoning.

Serious to fatal toxicity may occur with amanitin-containing mushrooms ingestions. A Lepiota brunneoincarnata familial poisoning with hepatic toxicity is reported. In such poisonings, acute gastroenteritis may be firstly misdiagnosed leading to delay in preventing liver dysfunction by silibinin or penicillin G.

[Acute epiglottitis due to group A β-hemolytic streptococcus in a child].

Acute epiglottitis has become an exceptional observation in pediatrics. The introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine changed the morbidity, mortality, and microbiology of this disease. We report the case of an 11-month-old infant with acute epiglottitis due to group A β-hemolytic streptococcus.

[Nicolau syndrome after intramuscular injection].

Nicolau syndrome is a rare, potentially severe complication that may occur after any drug injection, particularly after intramuscular injection. It is characterized by the acute onset of cutaneous and soft-tissue aseptic necrosis. Here, we report the case of a 14-year-old boy diagnosed with Nicolau syndrome on the right lower limb, after a benzathine-penicillin intramuscular injection for suspected rheumatic fever.

[Nebulized hypertonic saline and acute viral bronchiolitis in infants: current aspects].

Acute viral bronchiolitis affects infants, is frequent, and can be severe. Its treatment is only based on symptoms. Hypertonic saline (HS) may act favorably in this situation by fighting virus-induced dehydration of the airway liquid surface.

Mefloquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children.

Background: Children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum imported malaria are treated with various antimalarial regimens including mefloquine depending on national guidelines. Little is known regarding mefloquine treatment efficacy in this setting.

Methods: In this prospective study, children 3 months to 16 years of age admitted in a tertiary hospital emergency ward in France with uncomplicated P.

[Values of clinical signs and rapid diagnostic test in the diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1) new variant in pediatric emergency department].

Aim Of The Study: To evaluate the values of clinical signs and the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in the diagnosis of influenza H1N1 new variant in the pediatric emergency room.

Method: From 18 August to 1st December 2009, children admitted to the pediatric emergency department of CHU Nord (Marseille, France) and suspected of flu according to French guidelines, were tested for influenza using both an influenza RDT and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay specific for H1N1. From 3 November to 3 December, clinical signs were also noted (fever, headaches, myalgia-arthralgia, shivers, diarrhea).

[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine coverage in newborns and infants at risk before and after a change in BCG policy].

Aim Of The Study: To evaluate vaccine coverage in at-risk newborns during the maternity hospital stay and at the age of 3 months, before and after the change in the French national Calmette-Guérin Bacillus (BCG) vaccine policy.

Methods: A vaccine program targeting newborns at risk for tuberculosis was implemented in a university maternity hospital in Marseille, France, in 2007. At-risk newborns were mainly defined as those with 1 parent born in an endemic country for tuberculosis, those planning to travel in such a country for at least 1 month in their 1st year of life, or those with previous tuberculosis cases within the family.

[Pediatric Mediterranean spotted fever].

In France, Mediterranean spotted fever due to Rickettsia conorii is mainly observed in the South-east. Rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown dog tick, is the vector and the reservoir of the disease. Clinical diagnosis relies on the association of fever, rash and inoculation's scar during summertime.

[Congenital tuberculosis in preterm neonate: a case report].

Congenital tuberculosis is a rare but severe disease. Diagnosis is often delayed, especially in preterm neonates. We report a premature infant born after 27 weeks of gestation and in vitro fertilization.

Mouse-to-human transmission of variant lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.

A case of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection led to investigation of the reservoir. LCMV was detected in mice trapped at the patient's home, and 12 isolates were recovered. Genetic analysis showed that human and mouse LCMVs were identical and that this LCMV strain was highly divergent from previously characterized LCMV.